feat: read-only IPMI driver; report a missing Redfish license (0.2.0)

A Supermicro X10DRL-i refuses Redfish without a license (SUM, DCMS or
OOB), even the service root. IPMI answers without one.

- New entry point `ipmi` (napalm_redfish.ipmi.IpmiDriver) on
  ManagementControllerDriver, over pyghmi: facts and inventory from the
  FRU (serial number, system UUID), the BMC's LAN interface, sensors
  (temperatures, fans, power supplies), the power state, the event log
  and the BMC firmware. Read-only: no power control, no BMC reset.
  Tested against recordings of the X10 with serials, the UUID, MACs and
  IPs replaced.
- RedfishDriver.open() no longer fails on a license refusal: get_facts
  returns what is known without Redfish, get_device_warnings reports
  bmc_license_required with the licenses the BMC names, every other
  getter raises. netOrk then shows the reason instead of an offline BMC.
- IpmiDriver is not exported from the package: NAPALM's own
  get_network_driver("redfish") takes the first driver class of
  napalm_redfish.

CHANGELOG.md

@@ -7,6 +7,24 @@ and this project adheres to [Semantic Versioning](https://semver.org/spec/v2.0.0
 
 ## [Unreleased]
 
+## [0.2.0] - 2026-10-13
+
+### Added
+- `ipmi` NAPALM driver (`IpmiDriver`) on `ManagementControllerDriver`, read-only, over IPMI
+  2.0 with `pyghmi`: facts and inventory from the FRU (manufacturer, product, serial number,
+  system UUID), the BMC's LAN interface, temperatures, fans and power supplies from the
+  sensor records, the power state, the system event log and the BMC firmware version. No
+  power control and no BMC reset. For BMCs that refuse or lack Redfish; IPMI over LAN leaks
+  password hashes (CVE-2013-4786), so it is the fallback, not the main path.
+- Recorded IPMI fixtures from a Supermicro X10DRL-i (BMC 3.91).
+
+### Changed
+- A BMC that refuses Redfish for want of a vendor license no longer fails `open()`.
+  `get_facts` returns what is known without Redfish, `get_device_warnings` reports
+  `bmc_license_required` with the licenses the BMC names, and every other getter raises
+  `ConnectionException`. A poll therefore reports the missing license instead of an
+  offline BMC.
+
 ## [0.1.2] - 2026-10-13
 
 ### Fixed

README.md

@@ -5,11 +5,17 @@ NAPALM driver for server **baseboard management controllers (BMCs)** over
 boards that predate Redfish. Built on
 [napalm-device-types](https://git.netork.io/NAPALM/napalm-device-types). Written for netOrk.
 
-**Status: early development.** The `redfish` driver (`napalm_redfish.RedfishDriver`, a
-`ManagementControllerDriver` from napalm-device-types) implements the NAPALM getters and
-the role methods in [docs/redfish-map.md](docs/redfish-map.md), tested end to end against
-DMTF mockups. It has not yet run against real hardware; the first test device is a
-Supermicro X10DRL-i (BMC firmware 3.91, Redfish). The `ipmi` fallback does not exist yet.
+**Status: early development.** Two drivers, both `ManagementControllerDriver`s from
+napalm-device-types:
+
+- `redfish` (`napalm_redfish.RedfishDriver`) implements the NAPALM getters and the role
+  methods in [docs/redfish-map.md](docs/redfish-map.md), tested end to end against DMTF
+  mockups. A BMC that refuses Redfish for want of a vendor license (a Supermicro X10
+  without SUM, DCMS or OOB) still opens: the driver reports `bmc_license_required` through
+  `get_device_warnings` instead of failing.
+- `ipmi` (`napalm_redfish.ipmi.IpmiDriver`) reads over IPMI 2.0 only: FRU facts and
+  inventory, sensors, power state, event log, BMC firmware. Tested against recordings of a
+  Supermicro X10DRL-i (BMC 3.91), which refuses Redfish without a license.
 
 ## Why Redfish, and why not one driver per vendor
 
@@ -23,7 +29,7 @@ RAKP handshake hands the password hash to anyone who asks (CVE-2013-4786), so ne
 not depend on it. Finding IPMI over LAN enabled is itself worth reporting, see
 [docs/security.md](docs/security.md).
 
-## Layout (planned)
+## Layout
 
 | Entry point | Transport | Scope |
 |---|---|---|

napalm_redfish/__init__.py

@@ -1,6 +1,11 @@
-"""NAPALM driver for server BMCs over DMTF Redfish."""
+"""NAPALM drivers for server BMCs: DMTF Redfish, and read-only IPMI as the fallback.
+
+Only ``RedfishDriver`` is exported here: NAPALM's own ``get_network_driver("redfish")``
+takes the first driver class of this package. ``IpmiDriver`` lives in
+``napalm_redfish.ipmi`` and is registered as the ``ipmi`` entry point.
+"""
 
 from napalm_redfish.driver import RedfishDriver
 
-__version__ = "0.1.2"
+__version__ = "0.2.0"
 __all__ = ["RedfishDriver"]

napalm_redfish/driver.py

@@ -65,7 +65,12 @@ from napalm_redfish.parsers import (
     to_napalm_users,
 )
 from napalm_redfish.parsers.common import link, link_list, odata_id
-from napalm_redfish.transport import RedfishError, RedfishNotFound, RedfishTransport
+from napalm_redfish.transport import (
+    RedfishError,
+    RedfishLicenseError,
+    RedfishNotFound,
+    RedfishTransport,
+)
 
 LOG = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
@@ -152,12 +157,20 @@ class RedfishDriver(ManagementControllerDriver):
             retries=self.optional_args.get("retries", 1),
         )
         self._cache: _JsonDict = {}
+        self._license_refused: RedfishLicenseError | None = None
 
     # --- connection ----------------------------------------------------------------------
 
     def open(self) -> None:
+        """Connect. A BMC that refuses Redfish for want of a license is reachable all the
+        same: ``open`` succeeds, ``get_facts`` returns what is known without Redfish, and
+        ``get_device_warnings`` says which license is missing. Every other getter raises.
+        """
+        self._license_refused = None
         try:
             self.transport.open()
+        except RedfishLicenseError as exc:
+            self._license_refused = exc
         except RedfishError as exc:
             raise ConnectionException(f"Cannot connect to Redfish at {self.hostname}: {exc}") \
                 from exc
@@ -167,6 +180,8 @@ class RedfishDriver(ManagementControllerDriver):
         self._cache = {}
 
     def is_alive(self) -> _JsonDict:
+        if self._license_refused is not None:
+            return {"is_alive": True}
         try:
             self.transport.get("/redfish/v1/")
         except Exception:
@@ -181,6 +196,8 @@ class RedfishDriver(ManagementControllerDriver):
         return self._cache[key]
 
     def _root(self) -> _JsonDict:
+        if self._license_refused is not None:
+            raise ConnectionException(f"{self.hostname}: {self._license_refused}")
         return self._cached("root", lambda: parse_service_root(self.transport.root))
 
     def _first(self, collection: str) -> _JsonDict:
@@ -233,6 +250,10 @@ class RedfishDriver(ManagementControllerDriver):
     # --- NAPALM getters ----------------------------------------------------------------
 
     def get_facts(self) -> _JsonDict:
+        if self._license_refused is not None:
+            return {"uptime": -1.0, "vendor": "", "model": "", "hostname": self.hostname,
+                    "fqdn": self.hostname, "os_version": "", "serial_number": "",
+                    "interface_list": []}
         system = parse_system(self._system_raw())
         manager = parse_manager(self._manager_raw())
         interfaces = self._manager_interfaces()
@@ -329,6 +350,14 @@ class RedfishDriver(ManagementControllerDriver):
                     communities[community["name"]] = {"acl": "", "mode": mode}
         return {"chassis_id": "", "community": communities, "contact": "", "location": ""}
 
+    def get_device_warnings(self) -> list[_JsonDict]:
+        """Raw signals for netOrk's warning catalog; presentation is netOrk's."""
+        refused = self._license_refused
+        if refused is None:
+            return []
+        return [{"code": "bmc_license_required",
+                 "meta": {"licenses": refused.licenses, "message": refused.detail}}]
+
     # --- role: power -------------------------------------------------------------------
 
     def _accepted_actions(self, system: _JsonDict) -> list[str]:

napalm_redfish/ipmi.py

@@ -0,0 +1,221 @@
+"""Read-only NAPALM driver for BMCs over IPMI 2.0, for boards that refuse or lack Redfish.
+
+IPMI over LAN gives a password hash to anyone who names a valid user (CVE-2013-4786), so
+this is the fallback, not the main path. It only reads: facts and inventory from the FRU,
+sensors, the power state and the system event log. It neither switches the server's power
+nor resets the BMC; those go through Redfish.
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from typing import Any
+
+from napalm.base.exceptions import ConnectionException
+from napalm_device_types import ManagementControllerDriver
+from pyghmi.ipmi.command import Command
+
+_JsonDict = dict[str, Any]
+
+#: pyghmi's health bits (pyghmi.constants.Health).
+_WARNING, _CRITICAL, _FAILED = 1, 2, 4
+#: The only interface a BMC reports over IPMI: its own LAN channel.
+_BMC = "bmc"
+
+
+def _severity(health: int) -> str:
+    if health & (_CRITICAL | _FAILED):
+        return "Critical"
+    if health & _WARNING:
+        return "Warning"
+    return "OK"
+
+
+def _supply_present(reading: Any) -> bool:
+    return "Present" in (getattr(reading, "states", None) or [])
+
+
+class IpmiDriver(ManagementControllerDriver):
+    """NAPALM driver for BMCs over IPMI 2.0 (lanplus), read-only."""
+
+    platform = "ipmi"
+    DRIVER_NAME = "ipmi"
+    #: IPMI is UDP; discovery probes no UDP, so this driver has no fingerprint.
+    default_port = 623
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        hostname: str,
+        username: str,
+        password: str,
+        timeout: int = 60,
+        optional_args: _JsonDict | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        self.hostname = hostname
+        self.username = username
+        self.password = password
+        self.timeout = timeout
+        self.optional_args: _JsonDict = optional_args or {}
+        self.port = int(self.optional_args.get("port") or self.default_port)
+        self._ipmi: Any = None
+
+    # --- connection ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+    def open(self) -> None:
+        try:
+            self._ipmi = Command(
+                bmc=self.hostname,
+                userid=self.username,
+                password=self.password,
+                port=self.port,
+                keepalive=False,
+            )
+        except Exception as exc:
+            raise ConnectionException(f"Cannot connect to IPMI at {self.hostname}: {exc}") \
+                from exc
+
+    def close(self) -> None:
+        ipmi, self._ipmi = self._ipmi, None
+        if ipmi is not None:
+            try:
+                ipmi.ipmi_session.logout()
+            except Exception:  # a session left open times out on the BMC
+                pass
+
+    def is_alive(self) -> _JsonDict:
+        return {"is_alive": self._ipmi is not None}
+
+    def _cmd(self) -> Any:
+        if self._ipmi is None:
+            raise ConnectionException(f"{self.hostname}: not connected, call open() first")
+        return self._ipmi
+
+    # --- reads ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+    def _system(self) -> _JsonDict:
+        """The "System" FRU record: manufacturer, product, serial number, UUID."""
+        for name, record in self._cmd().get_inventory():
+            if name == "System":
+                return record or {}
+        return {}
+
+    def _bmc_version(self) -> str:
+        for name, info in self._cmd().get_firmware():
+            if name == "BMC Version":
+                return str(info.get("version") or "")
+        return ""
+
+    def _sensors(self) -> list[Any]:
+        return list(self._cmd().get_sensor_data())
+
+    # --- NAPALM getters ------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+    def get_facts(self) -> _JsonDict:
+        system = self._system()
+        return {
+            "uptime": -1.0,  # IPMI has no uptime
+            "vendor": system.get("Manufacturer") or "",
+            "model": system.get("Product name") or system.get("Model") or "",
+            "hostname": self.hostname,
+            "fqdn": self.hostname,
+            "os_version": self._bmc_version(),
+            "serial_number": system.get("Serial Number") or "",
+            "interface_list": [_BMC],
+        }
+
+    def get_interfaces(self) -> _JsonDict:
+        net = self._cmd().get_net_configuration()
+        source = net.get("ipv4_configuration") or ""
+        return {
+            _BMC: {
+                "is_up": True,
+                "is_enabled": True,
+                "description": f"BMC LAN ({source})" if source else "BMC LAN",
+                "last_flapped": -1.0,
+                "speed": -1.0,
+                "mtu": -1,
+                "mac_address": (net.get("mac_address") or "").lower(),
+            }
+        }
+
+    def get_interfaces_ip(self) -> _JsonDict:
+        address = self._cmd().get_net_configuration().get("ipv4_address") or ""
+        if "/" not in address:
+            return {}
+        ip, prefix = address.split("/", 1)
+        return {_BMC: {"ipv4": {ip: {"prefix_length": int(prefix)}}}}
+
+    def get_environment(self) -> _JsonDict:
+        """Fans, temperatures and present power supplies from the sensor records; ``cpu`` and
+        ``memory`` are empty, since a BMC does not know the host OS's load."""
+        fans: _JsonDict = {}
+        temperature: _JsonDict = {}
+        power: _JsonDict = {}
+        for reading in self._sensors():
+            health = int(getattr(reading, "health", 0) or 0)
+            value = getattr(reading, "value", None)
+            if reading.type == "Temperature" and value is not None:
+                temperature[reading.name] = {
+                    "temperature": float(value),
+                    "is_alert": bool(health),
+                    "is_critical": bool(health & (_CRITICAL | _FAILED)),
+                }
+            elif reading.type == "Fan" and value is not None:
+                fans[reading.name] = {"status": value > 0 and not health}
+            elif reading.type == "Power Supply" and _supply_present(reading):
+                power[reading.name] = {"status": not health, "capacity": -1.0, "output": -1.0}
+        return {"fans": fans, "temperature": temperature, "power": power, "cpu": {}, "memory": {}}
+
+    # --- role methods --------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+    def get_power_state(self) -> _JsonDict:
+        state = str(self._cmd().get_power().get("powerstate") or "")
+        # Read-only: no action is offered.
+        return {"state": state.capitalize(), "actions": []}
+
+    def get_hardware_inventory(self) -> _JsonDict:
+        """What the FRU and the sensor records tell; IPMI lists no CPUs, DIMMs or drives."""
+        system = self._system()
+        supplies = [
+            {
+                "slot": reading.name.removesuffix(" Status"),
+                "model": "",
+                "serial_number": "",
+                "capacity_watts": None,
+                "status": _severity(int(reading.health or 0))
+                if _supply_present(reading) else "Absent",
+            }
+            for reading in self._sensors()
+            if reading.type == "Power Supply"
+        ]
+        return {
+            "manufacturer": system.get("Manufacturer") or "",
+            "model": system.get("Product name") or system.get("Model") or "",
+            "serial_number": system.get("Serial Number") or "",
+            "system_uuid": str(system.get("UUID") or "").lower(),
+            "cpus": [],
+            "memory": [],
+            "drives": [],
+            "power_supplies": supplies,
+            "nics": [],
+        }
+
+    def get_event_log(self, limit: int = 500) -> list[_JsonDict]:
+        """The system event log, newest first."""
+        entries = []
+        for event in self._cmd().get_event_log():
+            component = event.get("component") or ""
+            text = event.get("event") or ""
+            timecode = event.get("timecode")
+            entries.append({
+                "id": str(event.get("record_id", "")),
+                "timestamp": float(timecode) if timecode else None,
+                "severity": _severity(int(event.get("severity") or 0)),
+                "message": f"{component}: {text}" if component and text else component or text,
+            })
+        entries.sort(key=lambda e: (e["timestamp"] is not None, e["timestamp"] or 0.0),
+                     reverse=True)
+        return entries[:limit]
+
+    def get_firmware_inventory(self) -> list[_JsonDict]:
+        version = self._bmc_version()
+        return [{"name": "BMC", "version": version, "updateable": None}] if version else []

napalm_redfish/transport.py

@@ -61,6 +61,13 @@ class RedfishError(Exception):
 class RedfishLicenseError(RedfishError):
     """The service refuses Redfish until a vendor license is activated."""
 
+    def __init__(self, message: str, *, licenses: str = "", detail: str = ""):
+        super().__init__(message)
+        #: The licenses the service names, e.g. "SUM DCMS OOB"; empty when it names none.
+        self.licenses = licenses
+        #: The service's own message.
+        self.detail = detail
+
 
 class RedfishAuthError(RedfishError):
     """Login failed, or the account may not read the resource (HTTP 401/403)."""
@@ -74,6 +81,19 @@ class RedfishNotFound(RedfishHTTPError):
     """The resource does not exist (HTTP 404)."""
 
 
+def _message_args(body: Any) -> list[str]:
+    """The MessageArgs of a Redfish error body's extended info, in order."""
+    error = body.get("error") if isinstance(body, Mapping) else None
+    if not isinstance(error, Mapping):
+        return []
+    return [
+        str(arg)
+        for info in error.get("@Message.ExtendedInfo") or []
+        if isinstance(info, Mapping)
+        for arg in info.get("MessageArgs") or []
+    ]
+
+
 def _message_ids(body: Any) -> list[str]:
     """The MessageIds of a Redfish error body's extended info."""
     error = body.get("error") if isinstance(body, Mapping) else None
@@ -202,7 +222,9 @@ class RedfishTransport:
         detail = _error_message(body)
         if any(message_id.endswith(LICENSE_REFUSED) for message_id in _message_ids(body)):
             return RedfishLicenseError(
-                f"{self.base_url}: Redfish needs a vendor license on this BMC: {detail}"
+                f"{self.base_url}: Redfish needs a vendor license on this BMC: {detail}",
+                licenses=" ".join(" ".join(_message_args(body)).split()),
+                detail=detail,
             )
         return RedfishError(f"{self.base_url}: {reason}" + (f": {detail}" if detail else ""))
 

pyproject.toml

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ build-backend = "setuptools.build_meta"
 
 [project]
 name = "napalm-redfish"
-version = "0.1.2"
+version = "0.2.0"
 description = "NAPALM driver for server baseboard management controllers over DMTF Redfish"
 readme = "README.md"
 license = { file = "LICENSE" }
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ dependencies = [
     # Not on PyPI: install from git before this package (see README).
     "napalm-device-types>=4.8",
     "redfish>=3.2",
+    "pyghmi>=1.5",
 ]
 classifiers = [
     "License :: OSI Approved :: Apache Software License",
@@ -30,6 +31,7 @@ test = [
 
 [project.entry-points."napalm.drivers"]
 redfish = "napalm_redfish:RedfishDriver"
+ipmi = "napalm_redfish.ipmi:IpmiDriver"
 
 [tool.setuptools.packages.find]
 include = ["napalm_redfish*"]

tests/fixtures/supermicro-x10drl-i-3.91/COMMANDS.txt

@@ -4,3 +4,9 @@ without a Supermicro license. Requests were made without credentials.
 service_root_403.json   GET /redfish/v1/   -> HTTP 403, Content-Type application/json
 landing_page.html       GET /              -> HTTP 200, the BMC web login page (trimmed to
                                               the head and the login form action)
+
+ipmi/   Read over IPMI 2.0 (pyghmi 1.6, lanplus) with a BMC account, 2026-10-13. One file per
+        pyghmi call: power (get_power), net_configuration (get_net_configuration),
+        firmware (get_firmware), inventory (get_inventory), sensors (get_sensor_data,
+        each SensorReading's attributes), health (get_health), event_log (get_event_log).
+        Serial numbers, the system UUID, MAC addresses and IPs are replaced by placeholders.

tests/fixtures/supermicro-x10drl-i-3.91/ipmi/event_log.json

@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+[
+ {
+  "record_id": 1,
+  "timecode": 1790788051,
+  "component_id": "32.201.0",
+  "component": "PS2 Status",
+  "deassertion": true,
+  "component_type_id": 8,
+  "event_id": "111.1",
+  "component_type": "Power Supply",
+  "event": "Recovered",
+  "severity": 0,
+  "oem_handler": null,
+  "timestamp": "2026-09-30T15:07:31"
+ }
+]

tests/fixtures/supermicro-x10drl-i-3.91/ipmi/firmware.json

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+[
+ [
+  "BMC Version",
+  {
+   "version": "3.91"
+  }
+ ]
+]

tests/fixtures/supermicro-x10drl-i-3.91/ipmi/health.json

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+{
+ "badreadings": [],
+ "health": 0
+}

tests/fixtures/supermicro-x10drl-i-3.91/ipmi/inventory.json

@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+[
+ [
+  "System",
+  {
+   "Board manufacture date": null,
+   "Board manufacturer": "Supermicro",
+   "Board product name": "X10DRL-i",
+   "Board serial number": "ZM000S000001",
+   "Board model": "X10DRL-i",
+   "Board FRU Id": null,
+   "board_extra": [],
+   "Manufacturer": "Supermicro",
+   "Product name": "X10DRL-i",
+   "Model": "X10DRL-i",
+   "Hardware Version": null,
+   "Serial Number": "ZM000S000001",
+   "Asset Number": null,
+   "FRU ID": null,
+   "product_extra": [],
+   "firmware_version": "3.91",
+   "Device ID": 32,
+   "Device Revision": 1,
+   "Manufacturer ID": 10876,
+   "Product ID": 2097,
+   "oem_parser": null,
+   "UUID": "00000000-534D-C40C-0000-000000000001"
+  }
+ ],
+ [
+  "BMC FRU",
+  {
+   "Board manufacture date": null,
+   "Board manufacturer": "Supermicro",
+   "Board product name": "X10DRL-i",
+   "Board serial number": "ZM000S000001",
+   "Board model": "X10DRL-i",
+   "Board FRU Id": null,
+   "board_extra": [],
+   "Manufacturer": "Supermicro",
+   "Product name": "X10DRL-i",
+   "Model": "X10DRL-i",
+   "Hardware Version": null,
+   "Serial Number": "ZM000S000001",
+   "Asset Number": null,
+   "FRU ID": null,
+   "product_extra": [],
+   "oem_parser": null
+  }
+ ]
+]

tests/fixtures/supermicro-x10drl-i-3.91/ipmi/net_configuration.json

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+{
+ "ipv4_address": "192.0.2.150/24",
+ "ipv4_configuration": "DHCP",
+ "mac_address": "0c:c4:7a:00:00:01",
+ "ipv4_gateway": "192.0.2.1",
+ "ipv4_backup_gateway": null,
+ "ipv4_gateway_mac": "02:00:00:00:00:01",
+ "ipv4_backup_gateway_mac": null,
+ "vlan_id": "off"
+}

tests/fixtures/supermicro-x10drl-i-3.91/ipmi/power.json

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+{
+ "powerstate": "on"
+}

tests/fixtures/supermicro-x10drl-i-3.91/ipmi/sensors.json

@@ -0,0 +1,498 @@
+[
+ {
+  "broken_sensor_ids": {},
+  "health": 0,
+  "type": "Temperature",
+  "value": 34.0,
+  "imprecision": 0.5,
+  "states": [],
+  "state_ids": [],
+  "unavailable": 0,
+  "units": "°C",
+  "name": "CPU1 Temp"
+ },
+ {
+  "broken_sensor_ids": {},
+  "health": 0,
+  "type": "Temperature",
+  "value": 37.0,
+  "imprecision": 0.5,
+  "states": [],
+  "state_ids": [],
+  "unavailable": 0,
+  "units": "°C",
+  "name": "CPU2 Temp"
+ },
+ {
+  "broken_sensor_ids": {},
+  "health": 0,
+  "type": "Temperature",
+  "value": 28.0,
+  "imprecision": 0.5,
+  "states": [],
+  "state_ids": [],
+  "unavailable": 0,
+  "units": "°C",
+  "name": "PCH Temp"
+ },
+ {
+  "broken_sensor_ids": {},
+  "health": 0,
+  "type": "Temperature",
+  "value": 18.0,
+  "imprecision": 0.5,
+  "states": [],
+  "state_ids": [],
+  "unavailable": 0,
+  "units": "°C",
+  "name": "System Temp"
+ },
+ {
+  "broken_sensor_ids": {},
+  "health": 0,
+  "type": "Temperature",
+  "value": 38.0,
+  "imprecision": 0.5,
+  "states": [],
+  "state_ids": [],
+  "unavailable": 0,
+  "units": "°C",
+  "name": "Peripheral Temp"
+ },
+ {
+  "broken_sensor_ids": {},
+  "health": 0,
+  "type": "Temperature",
+  "value": 29.0,
+  "imprecision": 0.5,
+  "states": [],
+  "state_ids": [],
+  "unavailable": 0,
+  "units": "°C",
+  "name": "Vcpu1VRM Temp"
+ },
+ {
+  "broken_sensor_ids": {},
+  "health": 0,
+  "type": "Temperature",
+  "value": 33.0,
+  "imprecision": 0.5,
+  "states": [],
+  "state_ids": [],
+  "unavailable": 0,
+  "units": "°C",
+  "name": "Vcpu2VRM Temp"
+ },
+ {
+  "broken_sensor_ids": {},
+  "health": 0,
+  "type": "Temperature",
+  "value": 24.0,
+  "imprecision": 0.5,
+  "states": [],
+  "state_ids": [],
+  "unavailable": 0,
+  "units": "°C",
+  "name": "VmemABVRM Temp"
+ },
+ {
+  "broken_sensor_ids": {},
+  "health": 0,
+  "type": "Temperature",
+  "value": 22.0,
+  "imprecision": 0.5,
+  "states": [],
+  "state_ids": [],
+  "unavailable": 0,
+  "units": "°C",
+  "name": "VmemCDVRM Temp"
+ },
+ {
+  "broken_sensor_ids": {},
+  "health": 0,
+  "type": "Temperature",
+  "value": 35.0,
+  "imprecision": 0.5,
+  "states": [],
+  "state_ids": [],
+  "unavailable": 0,
+  "units": "°C",
+  "name": "VmemEFVRM Temp"
+ },
+ {
+  "broken_sensor_ids": {},
+  "health": 0,
+  "type": "Temperature",
+  "value": 30.0,
+  "imprecision": 0.5,
+  "states": [],
+  "state_ids": [],
+  "unavailable": 0,
+  "units": "°C",
+  "name": "VmemGHVRM Temp"
+ },
+ {
+  "broken_sensor_ids": {},
+  "health": 0,
+  "type": "Temperature",
+  "value": 25.0,
+  "imprecision": 0.5,
+  "states": [],
+  "state_ids": [],
+  "unavailable": 0,
+  "units": "°C",
+  "name": "P1-DIMMA1 Temp"
+ },
+ {
+  "broken_sensor_ids": {},
+  "health": 0,
+  "type": "Temperature",
+  "value": 24.0,
+  "imprecision": 0.5,
+  "states": [],
+  "state_ids": [],
+  "unavailable": 0,
+  "units": "°C",
+  "name": "P1-DIMMB1 Temp"
+ },
+ {
+  "broken_sensor_ids": {},
+  "health": 0,
+  "type": "Temperature",
+  "value": 25.0,
+  "imprecision": 0.5,
+  "states": [],
+  "state_ids": [],
+  "unavailable": 0,
+  "units": "°C",
+  "name": "P1-DIMMC1 Temp"
+ },
+ {
+  "broken_sensor_ids": {},
+  "health": 0,
+  "type": "Temperature",
+  "value": 22.0,
+  "imprecision": 0.5,
+  "states": [],
+  "state_ids": [],
+  "unavailable": 0,
+  "units": "°C",
+  "name": "P1-DIMMD1 Temp"
+ },
+ {
+  "broken_sensor_ids": {},
+  "health": 0,
+  "type": "Temperature",
+  "value": 26.0,
+  "imprecision": 0.5,
+  "states": [],
+  "state_ids": [],
+  "unavailable": 0,
+  "units": "°C",
+  "name": "P2-DIMME1 Temp"
+ },
+ {
+  "broken_sensor_ids": {},
+  "health": 0,
+  "type": "Temperature",
+  "value": 26.0,
+  "imprecision": 0.5,
+  "states": [],
+  "state_ids": [],
+  "unavailable": 0,
+  "units": "°C",
+  "name": "P2-DIMMF1 Temp"
+ },
+ {
+  "broken_sensor_ids": {},
+  "health": 0,
+  "type": "Temperature",
+  "value": 27.0,
+  "imprecision": 0.5,
+  "states": [],
+  "state_ids": [],
+  "unavailable": 0,
+  "units": "°C",
+  "name": "P2-DIMMG1 Temp"
+ },
+ {
+  "broken_sensor_ids": {},
+  "health": 0,
+  "type": "Temperature",
+  "value": 27.0,
+  "imprecision": 0.5,
+  "states": [],
+  "state_ids": [],
+  "unavailable": 0,
+  "units": "°C",
+  "name": "P2-DIMMH1 Temp"
+ },
+ {
+  "broken_sensor_ids": {},
+  "health": 0,
+  "type": "Fan",
+  "value": 6300.0,
+  "imprecision": 50.0,
+  "states": [],
+  "state_ids": [],
+  "unavailable": 0,
+  "units": "RPM",
+  "name": "FAN2"
+ },
+ {
+  "broken_sensor_ids": {},
+  "health": 0,
+  "type": "Fan",
+  "value": 6900.0,
+  "imprecision": 50.0,
+  "states": [],
+  "state_ids": [],
+  "unavailable": 0,
+  "units": "RPM",
+  "name": "FAN3"
+ },
+ {
+  "broken_sensor_ids": {},
+  "health": 0,
+  "type": "Fan",
+  "value": 6400.0,
+  "imprecision": 50.0,
+  "states": [],
+  "state_ids": [],
+  "unavailable": 0,
+  "units": "RPM",
+  "name": "FAN4"
+ },
+ {
+  "broken_sensor_ids": {},
+  "health": 0,
+  "type": "Fan",
+  "value": 5100.0,
+  "imprecision": 50.0,
+  "states": [],
+  "state_ids": [],
+  "unavailable": 0,
+  "units": "RPM",
+  "name": "FANB"
+ },
+ {
+  "broken_sensor_ids": {},
+  "health": 0,
+  "type": "Voltage",
+  "value": 12.0,
+  "imprecision": 0.03149999999999942,
+  "states": [],
+  "state_ids": [],
+  "unavailable": 0,
+  "units": "V",
+  "name": "12V"
+ },
+ {
+  "broken_sensor_ids": {},
+  "health": 0,
+  "type": "Voltage",
+  "value": 4.922000000000001,
+  "imprecision": 0.013000000000000789,
+  "states": [],
+  "state_ids": [],
+  "unavailable": 0,
+  "units": "V",
+  "name": "5VCC"
+ },
+ {
+  "broken_sensor_ids": {},
+  "health": 0,
+  "type": "Voltage",
+  "value": 3.35,
+  "imprecision": 0.008500000000000174,
+  "states": [],
+  "state_ids": [],
+  "unavailable": 0,
+  "units": "V",
+  "name": "3.3VCC"
+ },
+ {
+  "broken_sensor_ids": {},
+  "health": 0,
+  "type": "Voltage",
+  "value": 2.69,
+  "imprecision": 0.0129999999999999,
+  "states": [],
+  "state_ids": [],
+  "unavailable": 0,
+  "units": "V",
+  "name": "VBAT"
+ },
+ {
+  "broken_sensor_ids": {},
+  "health": 0,
+  "type": "Voltage",
+  "value": 1.818,
+  "imprecision": 0.0044999999999999485,
+  "states": [],
+  "state_ids": [],
+  "unavailable": 0,
+  "units": "V",
+  "name": "Vcpu1"
+ },
+ {
+  "broken_sensor_ids": {},
+  "health": 0,
+  "type": "Voltage",
+  "value": 1.818,
+  "imprecision": 0.0044999999999999485,
+  "states": [],
+  "state_ids": [],
+  "unavailable": 0,
+  "units": "V",
+  "name": "Vcpu2"
+ },
+ {
+  "broken_sensor_ids": {},
+  "health": 0,
+  "type": "Voltage",
+  "value": 1.2000000000000002,
+  "imprecision": 0.0045000000000001705,
+  "states": [],
+  "state_ids": [],
+  "unavailable": 0,
+  "units": "V",
+  "name": "VDIMMAB"
+ },
+ {
+  "broken_sensor_ids": {},
+  "health": 0,
+  "type": "Voltage",
+  "value": 1.2000000000000002,
+  "imprecision": 0.0045000000000001705,
+  "states": [],
+  "state_ids": [],
+  "unavailable": 0,
+  "units": "V",
+  "name": "VDIMMCD"
+ },
+ {
+  "broken_sensor_ids": {},
+  "health": 0,
+  "type": "Voltage",
+  "value": 1.2000000000000002,
+  "imprecision": 0.0045000000000001705,
+  "states": [],
+  "state_ids": [],
+  "unavailable": 0,
+  "units": "V",
+  "name": "VDIMMEF"
+ },
+ {
+  "broken_sensor_ids": {},
+  "health": 0,
+  "type": "Voltage",
+  "value": 1.2000000000000002,
+  "imprecision": 0.0045000000000001705,
+  "states": [],
+  "state_ids": [],
+  "unavailable": 0,
+  "units": "V",
+  "name": "VDIMMGH"
+ },
+ {
+  "broken_sensor_ids": {},
+  "health": 0,
+  "type": "Voltage",
+  "value": 4.896,
+  "imprecision": 0.0129999999999999,
+  "states": [],
+  "state_ids": [],
+  "unavailable": 0,
+  "units": "V",
+  "name": "5VSB"
+ },
+ {
+  "broken_sensor_ids": {},
+  "health": 0,
+  "type": "Voltage",
+  "value": 3.197,
+  "imprecision": 0.008500000000000174,
+  "states": [],
+  "state_ids": [],
+  "unavailable": 0,
+  "units": "V",
+  "name": "3.3VSB"
+ },
+ {
+  "broken_sensor_ids": {},
+  "health": 0,
+  "type": "Voltage",
+  "value": 1.5,
+  "imprecision": 0.0044999999999999485,
+  "states": [],
+  "state_ids": [],
+  "unavailable": 0,
+  "units": "V",
+  "name": "1.5V PCH"
+ },
+ {
+  "broken_sensor_ids": {},
+  "health": 0,
+  "type": "Voltage",
+  "value": 1.209,
+  "imprecision": 0.0044999999999999485,
+  "states": [],
+  "state_ids": [],
+  "unavailable": 0,
+  "units": "V",
+  "name": "1.2V BMC"
+ },
+ {
+  "broken_sensor_ids": {},
+  "health": 0,
+  "type": "Voltage",
+  "value": 1.05,
+  "imprecision": 0.0044999999999999485,
+  "states": [],
+  "state_ids": [],
+  "unavailable": 0,
+  "units": "V",
+  "name": "1.05V PCH"
+ },
+ {
+  "broken_sensor_ids": {},
+  "health": 0,
+  "type": "Physical Security",
+  "value": null,
+  "imprecision": null,
+  "states": [],
+  "state_ids": [],
+  "unavailable": 0,
+  "units": "",
+  "name": "Chassis Intru"
+ },
+ {
+  "broken_sensor_ids": {},
+  "health": 0,
+  "type": "Power Supply",
+  "value": null,
+  "imprecision": null,
+  "states": [
+   "Present"
+  ],
+  "state_ids": [
+   552704
+  ],
+  "unavailable": 0,
+  "units": "",
+  "name": "PS1 Status"
+ },
+ {
+  "broken_sensor_ids": {},
+  "health": 0,
+  "type": "Power Supply",
+  "value": null,
+  "imprecision": null,
+  "states": [],
+  "state_ids": [],
+  "unavailable": 0,
+  "units": "",
+  "name": "PS2 Status"
+ }
+]

tests/test_driver.py

@@ -490,14 +490,43 @@ def test_get_management_protocols_missing(driver, server):
     assert protocols["ssh"] == {"enabled": False, "port": None}
 
 
-def test_unlicensed_bmc_says_so(server):
+def _unlicensed(server):
     # A Supermicro X10 refuses Redfish entirely until a license is activated.
     x10 = Path(__file__).parent / "fixtures" / "supermicro-x10drl-i-3.91"
-    body = json.loads((x10 / "service_root_403.json").read_text())
-    server.override("GET", "/redfish/v1/", 403, body)
+    server.override("GET", "/redfish/v1/", 403,
+                    json.loads((x10 / "service_root_403.json").read_text()))
     d = RedfishDriver("bmc.example.net", "netork", "s3cret", optional_args={"verify_ssl": False})
-    with pytest.raises(ConnectionException) as exc:
-        d.open()
-    message = str(exc.value)
-    assert "license" in message.lower()
-    assert "SUM DCMS OOB" in message
+    d.open()
+    return d
+
+
+def test_unlicensed_bmc_still_opens(server):
+    # Reachable, just refusing: the poll goes through and says why instead of
+    # reporting the BMC offline.
+    d = _unlicensed(server)
+    assert d.is_alive() == {"is_alive": True}
+    assert d.get_facts() == {
+        "uptime": -1.0, "vendor": "", "model": "", "hostname": "bmc.example.net",
+        "fqdn": "bmc.example.net", "os_version": "", "serial_number": "", "interface_list": [],
+    }
+
+
+def test_unlicensed_bmc_reports_the_missing_license(server):
+    (warning,) = _unlicensed(server).get_device_warnings()
+    assert warning["code"] == "bmc_license_required"
+    assert warning["meta"]["licenses"] == "SUM DCMS OOB"
+    assert "Not licensed" in warning["meta"]["message"]
+    # Raw signal only: presentation is netOrk's.
+    assert set(warning) == {"code", "meta"}
+
+
+def test_unlicensed_bmc_refuses_everything_else(server):
+    d = _unlicensed(server)
+    with pytest.raises(ConnectionException, match="license"):
+        d.get_interfaces()
+    with pytest.raises(ConnectionException, match="license"):
+        d.get_hardware_inventory()
+
+
+def test_licensed_bmc_has_no_warnings(driver):
+    assert driver.get_device_warnings() == []

tests/test_ipmi.py

@@ -0,0 +1,248 @@
+"""IpmiDriver against recorded IPMI answers of a Supermicro X10DRL-i (BMC 3.91).
+
+The board refuses Redfish without a license; IPMI answers without one. The driver
+is read-only: it neither switches the server's power nor resets the BMC.
+"""
+
+import json
+from pathlib import Path
+from types import SimpleNamespace
+
+import pytest
+from napalm.base.exceptions import ConnectionException
+from napalm_device_types import ManagementControllerDriver, models
+from napalm_device_types.roles import primary_role_of
+
+import napalm_redfish.ipmi as ipmi
+from napalm_redfish.ipmi import IpmiDriver
+
+X10 = Path(__file__).parent / "fixtures" / "supermicro-x10drl-i-3.91" / "ipmi"
+
+
+def fixture(name):
+    return json.loads((X10 / f"{name}.json").read_text())
+
+
+class FakeCommand:
+    """pyghmi's Command, answering from the recorded files."""
+
+    instances: list = []
+
+    def __init__(self, bmc=None, userid=None, password=None, port=623, keepalive=True, **kw):
+        self.args = {"bmc": bmc, "userid": userid, "password": password, "port": port}
+        self.logged_out = False
+        self.ipmi_session = SimpleNamespace(logout=self._logout)
+        FakeCommand.instances.append(self)
+
+    def _logout(self):
+        self.logged_out = True
+
+    def get_power(self):
+        return fixture("power")
+
+    def get_net_configuration(self):
+        return fixture("net_configuration")
+
+    def get_firmware(self):
+        return iter(tuple(item) for item in fixture("firmware"))
+
+    def get_inventory(self):
+        return iter(tuple(item) for item in fixture("inventory"))
+
+    def get_sensor_data(self):
+        return iter(SimpleNamespace(**s) for s in fixture("sensors"))
+
+    def get_event_log(self):
+        return iter(fixture("event_log"))
+
+
+@pytest.fixture(autouse=True)
+def fake_pyghmi(monkeypatch):
+    FakeCommand.instances = []
+    monkeypatch.setattr(ipmi, "Command", FakeCommand)
+
+
+@pytest.fixture
+def driver():
+    d = IpmiDriver("192.0.2.150", "netork", "s3cret")
+    d.open()
+    yield d
+    d.close()
+
+
+def assert_shape(value, typed_dict):
+    assert isinstance(value, dict)
+    assert set(value) == set(typed_dict.__annotations__), typed_dict.__name__
+
+
+# --- class and connection ------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+
+def test_role_and_read_only():
+    assert issubclass(IpmiDriver, ManagementControllerDriver)
+    assert primary_role_of(IpmiDriver) == "management_controller"
+    assert IpmiDriver.USES_SSH is False
+    assert IpmiDriver.DRIVER_NAME == "ipmi"
+    # Read-only: no power control, no BMC reset over IPMI.
+    assert not hasattr(IpmiDriver, "set_power_state")
+    assert not hasattr(IpmiDriver, "reboot_host")
+
+
+def test_entry_point():
+    from importlib.metadata import entry_points
+
+    (ep,) = [e for e in entry_points(group="napalm.drivers") if e.name == "ipmi"]
+    assert ep.load() is IpmiDriver
+
+
+def test_open_logs_in_on_the_ipmi_port_and_close_logs_out():
+    d = IpmiDriver("192.0.2.150", "netork", "s3cret", optional_args={"port": 6230})
+    d.open()
+    (cmd,) = FakeCommand.instances
+    assert cmd.args == {"bmc": "192.0.2.150", "userid": "netork", "password": "s3cret",
+                        "port": 6230}
+    assert d.is_alive() == {"is_alive": True}
+    d.close()
+    assert cmd.logged_out
+    assert d.is_alive() == {"is_alive": False}
+
+
+def test_default_port_is_623():
+    IpmiDriver("192.0.2.150", "u", "p").open()
+    assert FakeCommand.instances[0].args["port"] == 623
+
+
+def test_open_failure_is_connection_exception(monkeypatch):
+    def refuse(**kwargs):
+        raise RuntimeError("Incorrect password provided")
+
+    monkeypatch.setattr(ipmi, "Command", refuse)
+    with pytest.raises(ConnectionException, match="Incorrect password"):
+        IpmiDriver("192.0.2.150", "netork", "wrong").open()
+
+
+# --- NAPALM getters ------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+
+def test_get_facts(driver):
+    facts = driver.get_facts()
+    assert facts == {
+        "uptime": -1.0,
+        "vendor": "Supermicro",
+        "model": "X10DRL-i",
+        "hostname": "192.0.2.150",
+        "fqdn": "192.0.2.150",
+        "os_version": "3.91",
+        "serial_number": "ZM000S000001",
+        "interface_list": ["bmc"],
+    }
+
+
+def test_get_interfaces(driver):
+    assert driver.get_interfaces() == {
+        "bmc": {
+            "is_up": True,
+            "is_enabled": True,
+            "description": "BMC LAN (DHCP)",
+            "last_flapped": -1.0,
+            "speed": -1.0,
+            "mtu": -1,
+            "mac_address": "0c:c4:7a:00:00:01",
+        }
+    }
+
+
+def test_get_interfaces_ip(driver):
+    assert driver.get_interfaces_ip() == {"bmc": {"ipv4": {"192.0.2.150": {"prefix_length": 24}}}}
+
+
+def test_get_environment(driver):
+    env = driver.get_environment()
+    assert set(env) == {"fans", "temperature", "power", "cpu", "memory"}
+    assert env["cpu"] == {} and env["memory"] == {}
+    assert len(env["temperature"]) == 19
+    assert env["temperature"]["CPU1 Temp"] == {"temperature": 34.0, "is_alert": False,
+                                               "is_critical": False}
+    assert env["fans"] == {name: {"status": True} for name in ("FAN2", "FAN3", "FAN4", "FANB")}
+    # Only supplies that report themselves present.
+    assert env["power"] == {"PS1 Status": {"status": True, "capacity": -1.0, "output": -1.0}}
+
+
+def test_sensor_health_flags(driver, monkeypatch):
+    readings = [
+        {"name": "Hot", "type": "Temperature", "value": 91.0, "units": "°C", "health": 1,
+         "states": [], "unavailable": 0},
+        {"name": "Melting", "type": "Temperature", "value": 105.0, "units": "°C", "health": 2,
+         "states": [], "unavailable": 0},
+        {"name": "Gone", "type": "Temperature", "value": None, "units": "°C", "health": 0,
+         "states": [], "unavailable": 1},
+        {"name": "FAN1", "type": "Fan", "value": 0.0, "units": "RPM", "health": 2,
+         "states": [], "unavailable": 0},
+    ]
+    monkeypatch.setattr(FakeCommand, "get_sensor_data",
+                        lambda self: iter(SimpleNamespace(**r) for r in readings))
+    env = driver.get_environment()
+    assert env["temperature"] == {
+        "Hot": {"temperature": 91.0, "is_alert": True, "is_critical": False},
+        "Melting": {"temperature": 105.0, "is_alert": True, "is_critical": True},
+    }
+    assert env["fans"] == {"FAN1": {"status": False}}
+
+
+# --- role methods --------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+
+def test_get_power_state(driver):
+    state = driver.get_power_state()
+    assert_shape(state, models.PowerStateDict)
+    assert state == {"state": "On", "actions": []}
+
+
+def test_get_hardware_inventory(driver):
+    inv = driver.get_hardware_inventory()
+    assert_shape(inv, models.HardwareInventoryDict)
+    assert inv["manufacturer"] == "Supermicro"
+    assert inv["model"] == "X10DRL-i"
+    assert inv["serial_number"] == "ZM000S000001"
+    assert inv["system_uuid"] == "00000000-534d-c40c-0000-000000000001"
+    assert inv["power_supplies"] == [
+        {"slot": "PS1", "model": "", "serial_number": "", "capacity_watts": None, "status": "OK"},
+        {"slot": "PS2", "model": "", "serial_number": "", "capacity_watts": None,
+         "status": "Absent"},
+    ]
+    assert inv["cpus"] == [] and inv["memory"] == [] and inv["drives"] == [] and inv["nics"] == []
+
+
+def test_get_event_log(driver):
+    (entry,) = driver.get_event_log()
+    assert_shape(entry, models.EventLogEntryDict)
+    assert entry == {"id": "1", "timestamp": 1790788051.0, "severity": "OK",
+                     "message": "PS2 Status: Recovered"}
+
+
+def test_event_log_newest_first_and_limited(driver, monkeypatch):
+    sel = [
+        {"record_id": i, "timecode": 1000 + i, "component": "FAN1", "event": "Lower critical",
+         "severity": 2, "deassertion": False}
+        for i in range(1, 6)
+    ]
+    monkeypatch.setattr(FakeCommand, "get_event_log", lambda self: iter(sel))
+    entries = driver.get_event_log(limit=2)
+    assert [e["id"] for e in entries] == ["5", "4"]
+    assert entries[0]["severity"] == "Critical"
+    assert entries[0]["message"] == "FAN1: Lower critical"
+
+
+def test_get_firmware_inventory(driver):
+    (fw,) = driver.get_firmware_inventory()
+    assert_shape(fw, models.FirmwareDict)
+    assert fw == {"name": "BMC", "version": "3.91", "updateable": None}
+
+
+def test_napalm_still_finds_redfish_by_name():
+    # NAPALM takes the first driver class of the package napalm_<name>.
+    import napalm
+
+    from napalm_redfish import RedfishDriver
+
+    assert napalm.get_network_driver("redfish") is RedfishDriver