Merge pull request 'chore: adopt the NAPALM driver standard' (#33) from chore/driver-standard into main

- CI moves to .gitea/workflows/ci.yml and calls the shared driver workflow
  of NAPALM/driver-standard; .github/ is gone. napalm-device-types comes
  from git until 4.22.0 (AptProxyMixin) is on PyPI; the floor stays at
  4.22.0.
- requires-python >=3.10 (napalm-device-types needs it), py.typed, SPDX
  license string, a dev extra with floors (pytest-mock and responses are
  dropped: no test uses them), links to git.netork.io (README included).
  pytest no longer adds --cov by itself; CI passes it.
- mypy strict for the package; exempt for now, with 204 errors between
  them: napalm_proxmox.config_mixin, .driver, .interfaces_mixin,
  .lldp_mixin, .routing_mixin, .sdn_mixin, .system_mixin, .utils,
  .vm_contract_mixin, .vm_mixin and .vm_provision_mixin. They are recorded
  in the quality baseline with the long and complex functions and the two
  unannotated public methods.
- Coverage floor 68 % (measured 68.94 %).

.gitea/workflows/ci.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+name: CI
+
+on:
+  push:
+    branches: [main, master]
+    tags: ["v*"]
+  pull_request:
+
+jobs:
+  driver:
+    uses: NAPALM/driver-standard/.gitea/workflows/driver.yml@main
+    with:
+      standard-ref: main
+      # Until napalm-device-types 4.22.0 (AptProxyMixin, #53) is on PyPI.
+      pre-install: "git+https://git.netork.io/NAPALM/napalm-device-types.git"
+    secrets:
+      PYPI_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.PYPI_TOKEN }}

CHANGELOG.md

@@ -7,7 +7,66 @@ and this project adheres to [Semantic Versioning](https://semver.org/spec/v2.0.0
 
 ## [Unreleased]
 
+## [0.8.0] - 2026-10-23
+
+The first release on PyPI. It collects everything since 0.1.0.
+
+### Changed
+- The driver follows the NAPALM driver standard
+  (https://git.netork.io/NAPALM/driver-standard): CI on Gitea runs ruff, mypy, the
+  tests on Python 3.10–3.13 and at the lowest declared versions, bandit, pip-audit and
+  a build check, and a release tag publishes to PyPI. The package now ships `py.typed`.
+  **Python 3.9 is no longer supported**; napalm-device-types never ran on it.
+- Exceptions the driver deliberately ignores (closing the node's SSH session, the
+  `is_alive()` probe) are now logged at debug level.
+- The project links point at git.netork.io.
+
 ### Added
+- apt's proxy (napalm-device-types' `AptProxyMixin`, NetOrk/netork#1397): `get_package_proxy()`, `get_package_proxy_report()`, `check_package_proxy(url, expect)` and the fix `configure_package_proxy(url)`, as on any Debian host. The node is logged in as root, so the file is written and other proxy lines are commented out over the exec path. Requires napalm-device-types 4.22.0; version 0.7.0.
+- `get_service_packages()` (napalm-device-types' `ServicePackagesMixin`, NetOrk/netork#1236): which installed packages each systemd unit of the node is made of — the one shipping its unit file and the one shipping its `ExecStart` binary. Read-only, over the exec path. Requires napalm-device-types 4.20.0; version 0.6.0.
+
+### Security
+- The node's SSH session (the fallback for node commands and the provisioning steps) verifies its host key (NetOrk/netork#1167): the key the caller expects for port 22 in `optional_args["ssh_host_keys"]`, else the first one; every key seen goes to `optional_args["ssh_host_key_observer"]`. A changed key is refused before any login: a provisioning step fails, a best-effort read returns nothing. Both paths now share one session (`_node_ssh`). Replaces paramiko's `AutoAddPolicy`. Requires napalm-device-types 4.19.0; version 0.5.0.
+
+### Changed
+- **Breaking:** `get_device_warnings` is gone; the node reports facts and the caller
+  names the warnings (netOrk #1111). lldpd and the pending updates were already facts
+  (`get_packages`, `get_available_updates`). The subscription is now
+  `get_licenses()` (napalm-device-types 4.14 `LicenseMixin`): one `pve-subscription`
+  entry with the API's status as a `LicenseStatus` (`notfound` → `none`, `new` and
+  `suspended` → `unknown`), its message as `detail`, product name and due date when
+  subscribed. The old check compared against `NotFound` while the API answers
+  `notfound`, so it never fired. Requires napalm-device-types 4.14.0; version 0.4.0.
+- **Breaking:** `run_device_action` (`fix_snmp`, `install_lldpd`) is gone. The driver
+  implements napalm-device-types 4.13's fix templates: `configure_snmp_agent(settings)`
+  with the caller's community and allowed sources (one `rocommunity` line each, ufw only
+  for those sources, no fixed temp file), `get_management_peer()`, and
+  `install_package(name)` as the contract says, so `ensure_package` comes from the base
+  package. Every step reads its exit status. Requires napalm-device-types 4.13.0;
+  version 0.3.0.
+
+### Added
+- `get_system_identity()` (napalm-device-types 4.9 `SystemIdentityMixin`): the node's SMBIOS
+  system UUID, product serial and board serial over the exec path, vendor placeholders
+  empty. netOrk matches a server to its BMC on these. Requires napalm-device-types 4.9.0;
+  version 0.2.0.
+- FreeBSD and OpenBSD guests: `create_vm_from_cloud_init(guest_os=...)` with
+  `GUEST_AGENTS` from napalm-device-types 3.0. A BSD guest gets OS type
+  `other` and a network-config v2 snippet of its own (`cicustom network=`),
+  because FreeBSD's nuageinit skips runcmd on the v1 Proxmox generates.
+  OpenBSD's agent runs over ISA serial behind `serial0`, as the image keeps
+  its console on com0. An unknown `guest_os` is refused before anything is
+  created.
+- Packed cloud images (FreeBSD's `.qcow2.xz`) are unpacked on the node after
+  the packed file's checksum is verified; only the unpacked file is cached.
+  Proxmox's `download-url` unpacks ISOs only, so they always go over SSH.
+
+### Fixed
+- `get_vm_status` no longer reports a loopback address as the VM's IP when
+  the agent lists loopback under another name than `lo` (`lo0` on the BSDs,
+  listed first by OpenBSD).
+- `destroy_vm` reads the VM's cloud-init snippets before deleting the VM, and
+  removes all of them; it read them afterwards, when the config was gone (#15).
 - Cloud images for `create_vm_from_cloud_init` are downloaded by Proxmox itself
   when the node has an active storage with content type `import` (Proxmox
   8.2+): `download-url` with checksum verification, then `import-from` as the

README.md

@@ -12,8 +12,9 @@ It supports all three networking domains of Proxmox VE:
 
 ## Requirements
 
-- Python ≥ 3.9
+- Python ≥ 3.10
 - NAPALM ≥ 5.0.0
+- napalm-device-types ≥ 4.22.0
 - proxmoxer ≥ 2.0.0
 - netaddr ≥ 0.9.0
 - requests ≥ 2.31.0
@@ -27,7 +28,7 @@ pip install napalm-proxmox
 Or directly from source:
 
 ```bash
-git clone https://github.com/example/napalm-proxmox.git
+git clone https://git.netork.io/NAPALM/napalm-proxmox.git
 cd napalm-proxmox
 pip install -e .
 ```
@@ -45,9 +46,9 @@ device = driver(
     username="root",
     password="secret",
     optional_args={
-        "realm": "pam",       # default: "pam"
-        "port": 8006,         # default: 8006
-        "verify_ssl": True,   # default: True
+        "realm": "pam",  # default: "pam"
+        "port": 8006,  # default: 8006
+        "verify_ssl": True,  # default: True
     },
 )
 

napalm_proxmox/config_mixin.py

@@ -19,7 +19,6 @@ from __future__ import annotations
 import re
 from typing import Any
 
-
 _JsonDict = dict[str, Any]
 
 
@@ -44,13 +43,9 @@ class ProxmoxConfigMixin:
         configs: _JsonDict = {"running": "", "candidate": "", "startup": ""}
 
         if retrieve in ("running", "all", "startup"):
-            raw = self._exec_ssh_command(
-                "cat /etc/network/interfaces 2>/dev/null || true"
-            )
+            raw = self._exec_ssh_command("cat /etc/network/interfaces 2>/dev/null || true")
             # Append SDN config if available
-            sdn_raw = self._exec_ssh_command(
-                "cat /etc/pve/sdn/vnets.cfg 2>/dev/null || true"
-            )
+            sdn_raw = self._exec_ssh_command("cat /etc/pve/sdn/vnets.cfg 2>/dev/null || true")
             running = raw
             if sdn_raw:
                 running += "\n# === SDN VNets ===\n" + sdn_raw

napalm_proxmox/driver.py

@@ -32,28 +32,41 @@ from __future__ import annotations
 import logging
 from typing import Any
 
-logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
-
-from napalm_device_types import FingerprintRule, HypervisorDriver, PortSpec
 from napalm.base.exceptions import ConnectionException
+from napalm_device_types import (
+    AptProxyMixin,
+    EnsurePackageMixin,
+    FingerprintRule,
+    HostStatusMixin,
+    HypervisorDriver,
+    KernelFactsMixin,
+    LicenseMixin,
+    ListeningSocketsMixin,
+    PortSpec,
+    ServicePackagesMixin,
+    SnmpAgentMixin,
+    SystemdServicesMixin,
+    SystemIdentityMixin,
+)
+from napalm_device_types.ssh_host_keys import HostKeyCheck, SshHostKeyMismatch
 
 try:
     from proxmoxer import ProxmoxAPI
 except ImportError as exc:
-    raise ImportError(
-        "proxmoxer is required: pip install proxmoxer"
-    ) from exc
+    raise ImportError("proxmoxer is required: pip install proxmoxer") from exc
 
-from napalm_proxmox.interfaces_mixin import ProxmoxInterfaceMixin
-from napalm_proxmox.sdn_mixin import ProxmoxSDNMixin
-from napalm_proxmox.lldp_mixin import ProxmoxLLDPMixin
 from napalm_proxmox.config_mixin import ProxmoxConfigMixin
-from napalm_proxmox.vm_mixin import ProxmoxVMMixin
-from napalm_proxmox.vm_contract_mixin import ProxmoxVMContractMixin
-from napalm_proxmox.vm_snapshot_mixin import ProxmoxVMSnapshotMixin
-from napalm_proxmox.vm_provision_mixin import ProxmoxVMProvisionMixin
+from napalm_proxmox.interfaces_mixin import ProxmoxInterfaceMixin
+from napalm_proxmox.lldp_mixin import ProxmoxLLDPMixin
 from napalm_proxmox.routing_mixin import ProxmoxRoutingMixin
+from napalm_proxmox.sdn_mixin import ProxmoxSDNMixin
 from napalm_proxmox.system_mixin import ProxmoxSystemMixin
+from napalm_proxmox.vm_contract_mixin import ProxmoxVMContractMixin
+from napalm_proxmox.vm_mixin import ProxmoxVMMixin
+from napalm_proxmox.vm_provision_mixin import ProxmoxVMProvisionMixin
+from napalm_proxmox.vm_snapshot_mixin import ProxmoxVMSnapshotMixin
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
 # --------------------------------------------------------------------------- #
 # Type aliases
@@ -76,6 +89,16 @@ class ProxmoxDriver(
     ProxmoxVMProvisionMixin,
     ProxmoxRoutingMixin,
     ProxmoxSystemMixin,
+    KernelFactsMixin,
+    ServicePackagesMixin,
+    ListeningSocketsMixin,
+    SystemIdentityMixin,
+    SystemdServicesMixin,
+    HostStatusMixin,
+    LicenseMixin,
+    SnmpAgentMixin,
+    EnsurePackageMixin,
+    AptProxyMixin,
     HypervisorDriver,
 ):
     """NAPALM driver for Proxmox VE nodes."""
@@ -86,6 +109,10 @@ class ProxmoxDriver(
     USES_SSH = False
     # A PVE node reboots through a full init sequence plus storage checks.
     REBOOT_SETTLE_SECONDS = 90
+    #: "Upgrade everything" must be a full upgrade on Proxmox VE: a plain
+    #: ``apt-get upgrade`` holds back what needs new or removed packages and can
+    #: leave the node half updated. netOrk reads this when it upgrades the host.
+    FULL_UPGRADE = True
     PORT_SPECS = [
         PortSpec("https", 8006, weight=8.0),
     ]
@@ -115,7 +142,8 @@ class ProxmoxDriver(
 
         self._port: int = self.optional_args.get("port", 8006)
         self._verify_ssl: bool = self.optional_args.get(
-            "verify_ssl", self.optional_args.get("ssl_verify", self.optional_args.get("verify", True))
+            "verify_ssl",
+            self.optional_args.get("ssl_verify", self.optional_args.get("verify", True)),
         )
         self._realm: str = self.optional_args.get("realm", "pam")
         self._token_name: str | None = self.optional_args.get("token_name")
@@ -128,7 +156,8 @@ class ProxmoxDriver(
 
         self._api: ProxmoxAPI | None = None
         self._node_name: str = ""
-        self._ssh_client: "paramiko.SSHClient | None" = None
+        # paramiko.SSHClient; paramiko is imported lazily (see _node_ssh).
+        self._ssh_client: Any = None
 
         # Candidate config (merge/replace)
         self._candidate_config: str = ""
@@ -182,9 +211,7 @@ class ProxmoxDriver(
             self._resolve_node()
 
         except Exception as exc:
-            raise ConnectionException(
-                f"Cannot connect to {self.hostname}: {exc}"
-            ) from exc
+            raise ConnectionException(f"Cannot connect to {self.hostname}: {exc}") from exc
 
     def _resolve_node(self) -> str:
         """Resolve the PVE node this connection talks to.
@@ -202,9 +229,7 @@ class ProxmoxDriver(
             self._node_name = self._node
             return self._node_name
 
-        members = [
-            s for s in (self._api.cluster.status.get() or []) if s.get("type") == "node"
-        ]
+        members = [s for s in (self._api.cluster.status.get() or []) if s.get("type") == "node"]
         short_host = self.hostname.split(".")[0]
         for pick in (
             lambda s: s.get("local"),
@@ -233,7 +258,7 @@ class ProxmoxDriver(
             try:
                 self._ssh_client.close()
             except Exception:
-                pass
+                logger.debug("%s: closing the SSH session: ignored", self.hostname, exc_info=True)
             self._ssh_client = None
 
     def is_alive(self) -> _JsonDict:
@@ -250,7 +275,7 @@ class ProxmoxDriver(
                 self._api.version.get()
                 alive = True
             except Exception:
-                pass
+                logger.debug("%s: liveness probe failed", self.hostname, exc_info=True)
         return {"is_alive": alive}
 
     # ------------------------------------------------------------------ #
@@ -276,7 +301,6 @@ class ProxmoxDriver(
         falls back to a direct paramiko SSH connection.
         """
         import base64 as _b64
-        import time as _time
 
         # Try API exec endpoint
         try:
@@ -294,39 +318,51 @@ class ProxmoxDriver(
 
         # Fallback: direct paramiko SSH
         try:
-            import paramiko
-
-            if self._ssh_client is None:
-                ssh_user = self._ssh_username or self.username
-                ssh_pass = self._ssh_password or self.password
-                ssh_pkey = None
-                if self._ssh_key and not ssh_pass:
-                    from io import StringIO as _StringIO
-                    ssh_pkey = paramiko.RSAKey.from_private_key(_StringIO(self._ssh_key))
-                self._ssh_client = paramiko.SSHClient()
-                self._ssh_client.set_missing_host_key_policy(paramiko.AutoAddPolicy())
-                connect_kwargs: _JsonDict = {
-                    "hostname": self.hostname,
-                    "port": 22,
-                    "username": ssh_user,
-                    "timeout": self.timeout,
-                }
-                if ssh_pkey:
-                    connect_kwargs["pkey"] = ssh_pkey
-                else:
-                    connect_kwargs["password"] = ssh_pass
-                self._ssh_client.connect(**connect_kwargs)
-            _, stdout, stderr = self._ssh_client.exec_command(command, timeout=self.timeout)
+            _, stdout, stderr = self._node_ssh().exec_command(command, timeout=self.timeout)
             err = stderr.read().decode().strip()
             out = stdout.read().decode().strip()
             return out or err
         except ImportError:
             logger.warning("paramiko not installed — cannot exec SSH commands")
+        except SshHostKeyMismatch as exc:
+            # Refused before any login, and already reported to the caller's store.
+            logger.warning("%s", exc)
         except Exception as exc:
             logger.debug("SSH exec command failed: %s", exc)
 
         return ""
 
+    def _node_ssh(self) -> Any:  # paramiko.SSHClient; paramiko is imported lazily
+        """The SSH session to the node on port 22, opened once.
+
+        Its host key is the one the caller expects for port 22, or on first use
+        whichever the node presents; either way it is reported (netork#1167).
+        """
+        import paramiko
+
+        if self._ssh_client is None:
+            ssh_pass = self._ssh_password or self.password
+            connect_kwargs: _JsonDict = {
+                "username": self._ssh_username or self.username,
+                "timeout": self.timeout,
+            }
+            if self._ssh_key and not ssh_pass:
+                from io import StringIO as _StringIO
+
+                connect_kwargs["pkey"] = paramiko.RSAKey.from_private_key(_StringIO(self._ssh_key))
+            else:
+                connect_kwargs["password"] = ssh_pass
+            client = paramiko.SSHClient()
+            try:
+                HostKeyCheck(self.optional_args, self.hostname, 22).connect(
+                    client, **connect_kwargs
+                )
+            except Exception:
+                client.close()
+                raise
+            self._ssh_client = client
+        return self._ssh_client
+
     # ------------------------------------------------------------------ #
     # Node info helpers
     # ------------------------------------------------------------------ #
@@ -397,12 +433,9 @@ class ProxmoxDriver(
 
         uptime = float(status.get("uptime", 0))
         dns_search = dns.get("search", "")
-        hostname = self._node_name
         fqdn = f"{self._node_name}.{dns_search}" if dns_search else self.hostname
 
-        iface_list = sorted(
-            iface["iface"] for iface in network if iface.get("iface")
-        )
+        iface_list = sorted(iface["iface"] for iface in network if iface.get("iface"))
 
         pve_version = version.get("version", "")
         release = version.get("release", "")
@@ -426,7 +459,7 @@ class ProxmoxDriver(
                 "n=$(cat /sys/class/dmi/id/product_name 2>/dev/null); "
                 "r=$(cat /sys/class/dmi/id/product_version 2>/dev/null); "
                 "s=$(cat /sys/class/dmi/id/product_serial 2>/dev/null); "
-                "printf '%s\\n%s\\n%s\\n%s\\n' \"$v\" \"$n\" \"$r\" \"$s\""
+                'printf \'%s\\n%s\\n%s\\n%s\\n\' "$v" "$n" "$r" "$s"'
             )
             lines = self._exec_ssh_command(dmi_cmd).splitlines()
             if len(lines) >= 4:
@@ -476,5 +509,3 @@ class ProxmoxDriver(
     def cli(self, commands: list[str], encoding: str = "text") -> dict[str, str]:
         """Execute a list of shell commands and return their outputs."""
         return {cmd: self._exec_ssh_command(cmd) for cmd in commands}
-
-

napalm_proxmox/interfaces_mixin.py

@@ -174,8 +174,13 @@ class ProxmoxInterfaceMixin:
             parts = line.split()
             if len(parts) < 6:
                 continue
-            ip_addr, _, flags, mac, _, iface = (
-                parts[0], parts[1], parts[2], parts[3], parts[4], parts[5]
+            ip_addr, _, _flags, mac, _, iface = (
+                parts[0],
+                parts[1],
+                parts[2],
+                parts[3],
+                parts[4],
+                parts[5],
             )
             if mac in ("00:00:00:00:00:00", ""):
                 continue
@@ -202,9 +207,7 @@ class ProxmoxInterfaceMixin:
             if iface.get("type") in ("bridge",) and iface.get("iface")
         ]
         for bridge in linux_bridges:
-            raw = self._exec_ssh_command(
-                f"bridge fdb show br {bridge} 2>/dev/null || true"
-            )
+            raw = self._exec_ssh_command(f"bridge fdb show br {bridge} 2>/dev/null || true")
             for line in raw.splitlines():
                 parts = line.split()
                 if len(parts) < 3:
@@ -240,9 +243,7 @@ class ProxmoxInterfaceMixin:
             if iface.get("type") in ("OVSBridge",) and iface.get("iface")
         ]
         for bridge in ovs_bridges:
-            raw = self._exec_ssh_command(
-                f"ovs-appctl fdb/show {bridge} 2>/dev/null || true"
-            )
+            raw = self._exec_ssh_command(f"ovs-appctl fdb/show {bridge} 2>/dev/null || true")
             for line in raw.splitlines():
                 parts = line.split()
                 if len(parts) < 4:

napalm_proxmox/lldp_mixin.py

@@ -19,7 +19,6 @@ from __future__ import annotations
 import re
 from typing import Any
 
-
 _JsonDict = dict[str, Any]
 
 
@@ -29,9 +28,7 @@ class ProxmoxLLDPMixin:
     def get_lldp_neighbors(self) -> dict[str, list[_JsonDict]]:
         """Return LLDP neighbours (requires lldpd on the Proxmox node)."""
         result: dict[str, list[_JsonDict]] = {}
-        raw = self._exec_ssh_command(
-            "lldpcli show neighbors summary 2>/dev/null || true"
-        )
+        raw = self._exec_ssh_command("lldpcli show neighbors summary 2>/dev/null || true")
         current_iface = ""
         for line in raw.splitlines():
             m_iface = re.match(r"^\s*Interface:\s+(\S+?),?\s", line)
@@ -54,9 +51,7 @@ class ProxmoxLLDPMixin:
     def get_lldp_neighbors_detail(self, interface: str = "") -> dict[str, list[_JsonDict]]:
         """Return detailed LLDP neighbour information."""
         result: dict[str, list[_JsonDict]] = {}
-        raw = self._exec_ssh_command(
-            "lldpcli show neighbors details 2>/dev/null || true"
-        )
+        raw = self._exec_ssh_command("lldpcli show neighbors details 2>/dev/null || true")
         current_iface = ""
         current_entry: _JsonDict = {}
 

napalm_proxmox/routing_mixin.py

@@ -21,7 +21,6 @@ from typing import Any
 
 import napalm.base.constants as C
 
-
 _JsonDict = dict[str, Any]
 
 
@@ -92,12 +91,8 @@ class ProxmoxRoutingMixin:
 
         # Individual probe lines
         probes = []
-        for m_probe in re.finditer(
-            r"icmp_seq=\d+.*?time=([\d.]+) ms.*?from ([\d.a-fA-F:]+)", raw
-        ):
-            probes.append(
-                {"ip_address": m_probe.group(2), "rtt": float(m_probe.group(1))}
-            )
+        for m_probe in re.finditer(r"icmp_seq=\d+.*?time=([\d.]+) ms.*?from ([\d.a-fA-F:]+)", raw):
+            probes.append({"ip_address": m_probe.group(2), "rtt": float(m_probe.group(1))})
 
         return {
             "success": {

napalm_proxmox/sdn_mixin.py

@@ -153,7 +153,7 @@ class ProxmoxSDNMixin:
                     tags.setdefault(str(tag), set()).add(bridge)
 
         try:
-            for vm in (self._node_api().qemu.get() or []):
+            for vm in self._node_api().qemu.get() or []:
                 vmid = int(vm.get("vmid", 0))
                 try:
                     config = self._node_api().qemu(vmid).config.get() or {}
@@ -164,7 +164,7 @@ class ProxmoxSDNMixin:
             logger.warning("_get_vm_vlan_tags: failed to list QEMU VMs: %s", exc)
 
         try:
-            for ct in (self._node_api().lxc.get() or []):
+            for ct in self._node_api().lxc.get() or []:
                 vmid = int(ct.get("vmid", 0))
                 try:
                     config = self._node_api().lxc(vmid).config.get() or {}
@@ -238,9 +238,7 @@ class ProxmoxSDNMixin:
         2. LLDP basic fallback: first physical port with any LLDP neighbour.
         """
         network = {
-            iface["iface"]: iface
-            for iface in self._get_node_network()
-            if iface.get("iface")
+            iface["iface"]: iface for iface in self._get_node_network() if iface.get("iface")
         }
 
         try:
@@ -309,10 +307,7 @@ class ProxmoxSDNMixin:
                 return True
             min_id = min(int(n.get("nodeid", 9999)) for n in online_nodes)
             for n in online_nodes:
-                if (
-                    n.get("name") == self._node_name
-                    and int(n.get("nodeid", 9999)) == min_id
-                ):
+                if n.get("name") == self._node_name and int(n.get("nodeid", 9999)) == min_id:
                     return True
             return False
         except Exception as exc:
@@ -361,9 +356,7 @@ class ProxmoxSDNMixin:
             vlan_id: VLAN identifier (1-4094).
             config:  Dict that may contain ``"name"`` for the VLAN alias.
         """
-        name: str = (
-            (config.get("name") or f"VLAN{vlan_id}") if config else f"VLAN{vlan_id}"
-        )
+        name: str = (config.get("name") or f"VLAN{vlan_id}") if config else f"VLAN{vlan_id}"
         vnet_id = f"vlan{vlan_id:04d}"
 
         uplink = self._find_switch_uplink()

napalm_proxmox/system_mixin.py

@@ -12,20 +12,62 @@
 # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 # limitations under the License.
 
-"""System-level NAPALM getters for Proxmox VE nodes (environment, NTP, SNMP, users, packages, services, updates, disk SMART)."""
+"""System-level NAPALM getters for Proxmox VE nodes.
+
+Environment, NTP, SNMP, users, packages, services, updates and disk SMART.
+"""
 
 from __future__ import annotations
 
+import base64
+import ipaddress
 import logging
 import re
+import shlex
 from typing import Any
 
-from napalm_proxmox import utils
+from napalm_device_types import APT_UPGRADABLE_COMMAND, parse_apt_upgradable
 
 logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
 _JsonDict = dict[str, Any]
 
+#: The subscription API's status (lower-cased) as a napalm-device-types
+#: ``LicenseStatus``; "new" and "suspended" have none of their own.
+_SUBSCRIPTION_STATUS = {
+    "notfound": "none",
+    "active": "active",
+    "invalid": "invalid",
+    "expired": "expired",
+}
+
+
+_PACKAGE_NAME = re.compile(r"^[a-zA-Z0-9][a-zA-Z0-9_.+:~-]*$")
+#: What may stand in an snmpd.conf value: no whitespace, no quote, no comment.
+_SNMP_WORD = re.compile(r'^[^\s"#]+$')
+
+
+def _net(value: str) -> str:
+    return str(ipaddress.ip_network(value.strip(), strict=False))
+
+
+def render_snmpd_conf(settings: dict) -> str:
+    """net-snmp's configuration for *settings*: read-only v2c, per allowed source."""
+    community = settings["community"]
+    if not _SNMP_WORD.match(community):
+        raise ValueError("the community must be one word without quotes or #")
+    listen = settings.get("listen")
+    lines = [f"agentAddress udp:{listen + ':' if listen else ''}161"]
+    sources = [_net(s) for s in settings.get("allowed_sources", [])]
+    lines += [f"rocommunity {community} {s}" for s in sources] or [f"rocommunity {community}"]
+    for key, directive in (("location", "sysLocation"), ("contact", "sysContact")):
+        value = settings.get(key, "")
+        if value:
+            if "\n" in value:
+                raise ValueError(f"{key} must be one line")
+            lines.append(f"{directive}    {value}")
+    return "\n".join(lines) + "\n"
+
 
 class ProxmoxSystemMixin:
     """Mixin providing system-level NAPALM methods."""
@@ -136,9 +178,7 @@ class ProxmoxSystemMixin:
         Proxmox does not expose SNMP configuration via the REST API.
         We read /etc/snmp/snmpd.conf via exec if available.
         """
-        raw = self._exec_ssh_command(
-            "cat /etc/snmp/snmpd.conf 2>/dev/null || true"
-        )
+        raw = self._exec_ssh_command("cat /etc/snmp/snmpd.conf 2>/dev/null || true")
         communities: dict[str, _JsonDict] = {}
         location = ""
         contact = ""
@@ -187,7 +227,6 @@ class ProxmoxSystemMixin:
             if not uid:
                 continue
             # Proxmox roles: Administrator -> 15, otherwise 1
-            groups = user.get("groups", "") or ""
             level = 1
             try:
                 roles = self._api.access.users(uid).get() or {}  # type: ignore[union-attr]
@@ -197,7 +236,8 @@ class ProxmoxSystemMixin:
                 logger.debug("Failed to fetch roles for user %s: %s", uid, exc)
             result[uid] = {
                 "level": level,
-                "password": "",
+                # NAPALM's get_users shape; the password is never read.
+                "password": "",  # nosec B105
                 "sshkeys": [],
             }
 
@@ -215,12 +255,39 @@ class ProxmoxSystemMixin:
             if uname not in result and uid_int < 1000 or uid_int == 0:
                 result[uname] = {
                     "level": 15 if uid_int == 0 else 0,
-                    "password": "",
+                    # NAPALM's get_users shape; the password is never read.
+                    "password": "",  # nosec B105
                     "sshkeys": [],
                 }
 
         return result
 
+    # ------------------------------------------------------------------ #
+    # Kernel facts (KernelFactsMixin supplies get_kernel_facts)
+    # ------------------------------------------------------------------ #
+
+    def _run_kernel_facts_command(self, command: str) -> str:
+        """The transport for ``KernelFactsMixin.get_kernel_facts``: the exec path."""
+        return self._exec_ssh_command(command)
+
+    def _run_service_packages_command(self, command: str) -> str:
+        """The transport for ``ServicePackagesMixin.get_service_packages``: the exec path."""
+        return str(self._exec_ssh_command(command))
+
+    # ------------------------------------------------------------------ #
+    # Listening sockets (ListeningSocketsMixin supplies get_listening_sockets)
+    # ------------------------------------------------------------------ #
+
+    def _run_system_identity_command(self, command: str, *, privileged: bool) -> str:
+        """The transport for ``SystemIdentityMixin.get_system_identity``: the exec path,
+        which runs as root either way."""
+        return str(self._exec_ssh_command(command))
+
+    def _run_listening_sockets_command(self, command: str, *, privileged: bool) -> str:
+        """The transport for ``ListeningSocketsMixin.get_listening_sockets``:
+        the exec path, which runs as root either way."""
+        return str(self._exec_ssh_command(command))
+
     # ------------------------------------------------------------------ #
     # Packages (Debian APT)
     # ------------------------------------------------------------------ #
@@ -277,170 +344,113 @@ class ProxmoxSystemMixin:
             if not name or status != "installed":
                 continue
             size_bytes = int(size_kb) * 1024 if size_kb.isdigit() else 0
-            result.append({
-                "name": name,
-                "version": version,
-                "installed": True,
-                "description": "",
-                "size": size_bytes,
-                "source": "pve",
-                "source_package": source_package,
-                "source_version": source_version,
-                "upgrade_version": upgradable.get(name, ""),
-            })
+            result.append(
+                {
+                    "name": name,
+                    "version": version,
+                    "installed": True,
+                    "description": "",
+                    "size": size_bytes,
+                    "source": "pve",
+                    "source_package": source_package,
+                    "source_version": source_version,
+                    "upgrade_version": upgradable.get(name, ""),
+                }
+            )
         return result
 
     # ------------------------------------------------------------------ #
-    # Device warnings
+    # Licenses (napalm-device-types' LicenseMixin)
     # ------------------------------------------------------------------ #
 
-    def get_device_warnings(self) -> list[_JsonDict]:
-        """Return warnings for the Proxmox node.
+    def get_licenses(self) -> list[_JsonDict]:
+        """The node's subscription, as the API reports it.
 
-        Currently detects:
-        - lldpd not installed (LLDP neighbor discovery unavailable)
-        - Available package updates (via Proxmox APT API)
-        - Missing / invalid subscription
+        A fact for the caller: whether running without one is a problem is not
+        the driver's to say. An unreadable subscription reports nothing.
         """
-        warnings: list[_JsonDict] = []
-
-        # 0. LLDP daemon
-        try:
-            lldpd_path = self._exec_ssh_command("command -v lldpd 2>/dev/null").strip()
-            if not lldpd_path:
-                warnings.append({"code": "lldpd_not_installed"})
-        except Exception as exc:
-            logger.debug("Failed to check for lldpd: %s", exc)
-
-        # 1. Available package updates
-        try:
-            updates = self.get_available_updates()
-            if updates:
-                warnings.append({
-                    "code": "updates_available",
-                    "meta": {
-                        "count": len(updates),
-                        "packages": [u["name"] for u in updates],
-                    },
-                })
-        except Exception as exc:
-            logger.debug("Failed to check available updates: %s", exc)
-
-        # 2. Subscription status
-        try:
-            sub = self._get_node_subscription()
-            status = sub.get("status", "")
-            if status in ("NotFound", "Invalid", "Expired"):
-                warnings.append({"code": "no_subscription", "meta": {"status": status}})
-        except Exception as exc:
-            logger.debug("Failed to check subscription status: %s", exc)
-
-        return warnings
+        sub = self._get_node_subscription()
+        raw = str(sub.get("status", ""))
+        if not raw:
+            return []
+        lic: _JsonDict = {
+            "name": "pve-subscription",
+            "status": _SUBSCRIPTION_STATUS.get(raw.lower(), "unknown"),
+            "detail": sub.get("message") or raw,
+        }
+        if sub.get("productname"):
+            lic["edition"] = sub["productname"]
+        if sub.get("nextduedate"):
+            lic["expires"] = sub["nextduedate"]
+        return [lic]
 
     # ------------------------------------------------------------------ #
-    # Services (systemd)
+    # Services (systemd, through napalm-device-types' SystemdServicesMixin)
     # ------------------------------------------------------------------ #
 
-    def get_services(self) -> list[_JsonDict]:
-        """Return systemd services with running and enabled state.
+    def _run_service_command(self, command: str, *, privileged: bool, timeout: int) -> str:
+        """The transport for ``SystemdServicesMixin``: the exec path, as root.
 
-        Uses two ``systemctl`` invocations combined in a single SSH command:
-        - ``list-unit-files`` for the static enabled/disabled state
-        - ``list-units`` for the live running state
+        *privileged* needs nothing more on a node the driver reaches as root, and
+        the exec path keeps its own timeout.
         """
-        raw = self._exec_ssh_command(
-            "{ systemctl list-unit-files --type=service --no-pager --no-legend --full 2>/dev/null;"
-            " echo '---UNITS---';"
-            " systemctl list-units --type=service --all --no-pager --no-legend --full 2>/dev/null;"
-            " } || true"
-        )
-
-        # Parse enabled state from list-unit-files
-        enabled_map: dict[str, bool] = {}
-        section = "files"
-        for line in raw.splitlines():
-            if line.strip() == "---UNITS---":
-                section = "units"
-                continue
-            parts = line.strip().split(None, 1)
-            if len(parts) < 1:
-                continue
-            unit = parts[0].lstrip("\u25cf").strip()
-            if not unit.endswith(".service"):
-                continue
-            name = unit[: -len(".service")]
-            if section == "files":
-                state = parts[1].strip() if len(parts) > 1 else ""
-                enabled_map[name] = state in ("enabled", "enabled-runtime", "static")
-
-        # Parse running state from list-units
-        running_map: dict[str, bool] = {}
-        section = "files"
-        for line in raw.splitlines():
-            if line.strip() == "---UNITS---":
-                section = "units"
-                continue
-            if section != "units":
-                continue
-            parts = line.strip().lstrip("\u25cf").strip().split(None, 4)
-            if len(parts) < 4:
-                continue
-            unit = parts[0]
-            if not unit.endswith(".service"):
-                continue
-            name = unit[: -len(".service")]
-            sub_state = parts[3]
-            running_map[name] = sub_state == "running"
-
-        all_names = sorted(set(enabled_map) | set(running_map))
-        return [
-            {
-                "name": name,
-                "running": running_map.get(name, False),
-                "enabled": enabled_map.get(name, False),
-                "pid": 0,
-            }
-            for name in all_names
-        ]
-
-    def manage_service(self, name: str, action: str) -> _JsonDict:
-        """Start / stop / restart / enable / disable a systemd service."""
-        if not re.match(r'^[a-zA-Z0-9_\-\.@]+$', name):
-            raise ValueError(f"Invalid service name: {name!r}")
-        if action not in ('start', 'stop', 'restart', 'enable', 'disable'):
-            raise ValueError(f"Invalid action: {action!r}")
-        output = self._exec_ssh_command(f"systemctl {action} {name}.service 2>&1 || true")
-        return {"success": True, "output": output}
+        return str(self._exec_ssh_command(command))
 
     # ------------------------------------------------------------------ #
     # Available updates
     # ------------------------------------------------------------------ #
 
     def get_available_updates(self) -> list[_JsonDict]:
-        """Return list of upgradable packages from the Proxmox APT API."""
-        updates: list[_JsonDict] = []
+        """Return the node's upgradable packages, with origin and security status.
+
+        ``apt list --upgradable`` over the exec path names each candidate's suite
+        (``trixie-security``); the APT API names only an Origin ("Debian",
+        "Proxmox") and is the fallback, with the security status unknown.
+
+        :raises Exception: when neither answers -- never an empty list for
+            "could not read".
+        """
         try:
-            for upd in self._api.nodes(self._node_name).apt.update.get():
-                pkg = upd.get("Package", "")
-                if not pkg:
-                    continue
-                updates.append({
-                    "name": pkg,
-                    "current_version": upd.get("OldVersion", ""),
-                    "new_version": upd.get("Version", ""),
-                })
-        except Exception as exc:
-            logger.debug("Failed to fetch available updates: %s", exc)
+            updates = parse_apt_upgradable(self._exec_ssh_command(APT_UPGRADABLE_COMMAND) or "")
+        except ValueError as exc:
+            logger.debug("apt list over the exec path failed, using the API: %s", exc)
+            updates = self._updates_from_api()
         return sorted(updates, key=lambda u: u["name"])
 
+    def _updates_from_api(self) -> list[_JsonDict]:
+        return [
+            {
+                "name": upd["Package"],
+                "current_version": upd.get("OldVersion", ""),
+                "new_version": upd.get("Version", ""),
+                "origin": upd.get("Origin"),
+                "security": None,
+            }
+            for upd in self._api.nodes(self._node_name).apt.update.get()  # type: ignore[union-attr]
+            if upd.get("Package")
+        ]
+
+    def refresh_available_updates(self) -> _JsonDict:
+        """Resynchronise the node's package index (``POST nodes/{n}/apt/update``)."""
+        try:
+            task = self._api.nodes(self._node_name).apt.update.post()  # type: ignore[union-attr]
+        except Exception as exc:
+            return {"success": False, "output": str(exc)}
+        return {"success": True, "output": f"Package index refresh started ({task})"}
+
+    def _run_host_status_command(self, command: str) -> str:
+        """The transport for ``HostStatusMixin.get_host_status``: the exec path."""
+        return str(self._exec_ssh_command(command))
+
     def apply_updates(self, packages: list[str]) -> _JsonDict:
         """Upgrade the given packages via ``apt-get install`` over SSH."""
         for pkg in packages:
-            if not re.match(r'^[a-zA-Z0-9_\-\+\.]+$', pkg):
+            if not re.match(r"^[a-zA-Z0-9_\-\+\.]+$", pkg):
                 raise ValueError(f"Invalid package name: {pkg!r}")
         pkg_args = " ".join(packages)
         output = self._exec_ssh_command(
-            f"DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive apt-get install --only-upgrade -y {pkg_args} 2>&1 || true"
+            "DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive apt-get install --only-upgrade -y "
+            f"{pkg_args} 2>&1 || true"
         )
         return {"success": True, "output": output}
 
@@ -470,7 +480,8 @@ class ProxmoxSystemMixin:
         port = 161
         try:
             conf = self._exec_ssh_command(
-                "grep -E '^[[:space:]]*(ro|rw)?community' /etc/snmp/snmpd.conf 2>/dev/null | head -5"
+                "grep -E '^[[:space:]]*(ro|rw)?community' /etc/snmp/snmpd.conf "
+                "2>/dev/null | head -5"
             )
             for line in conf.splitlines():
                 parts = line.split()
@@ -488,131 +499,88 @@ class ProxmoxSystemMixin:
 
         return SNMPConfigDict(running=True, community=community, port=port, version="2c")
 
-    def run_device_action(self, action: str) -> dict:
-        """Execute a named administrative action on the Proxmox node."""
-        if action == "fix_snmp":
-            return self._action_fix_snmp()
-        if action == "install_lldpd":
-            return self._action_install_lldpd()
-        raise NotImplementedError(f"Unknown action: {action!r}")
+    # ------------------------------------------------------------------
+    # Fixes (napalm-device-types SnmpAgentMixin, EnsurePackageMixin): the
+    # caller's values. The node's shell runs as root.
+    # ------------------------------------------------------------------
 
-    def _action_install_lldpd(self) -> dict:
-        """Install, enable and start lldpd on the Proxmox node.
-
-        Proxmox runs Debian/Linux underneath, so this is a plain apt install
-        followed by enabling the systemd service. lldpd's defaults (listen on
-        all interfaces) are sufficient to discover the directly-connected
-        switch via the management bridge (e.g. vmbr0).
-        """
-        lines: list[str] = []
-
-        install_out = self._exec_ssh_command(
-            "DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive apt-get install -y lldpd 2>&1 | tail -5"
-        )
-        lines.append(f"[install] {install_out.strip()[-200:]}")
-
-        enable_out = self._exec_ssh_command(
-            "systemctl enable --now lldpd 2>&1 || service lldpd start 2>&1 || true"
-        )
-        lines.append(f"[service] {enable_out.strip()[-200:]}")
-
-        verify = self._exec_ssh_command("command -v lldpd 2>/dev/null").strip()
-        success = bool(verify)
-        if success:
-            lines.append("[ok] lldpd installed. Neighbors will appear after a short warm-up period.")
-        else:
-            lines.append("[warn] lldpd does not appear to be installed after the attempt.")
-
-        return {"success": success, "output": "\n".join(lines)}
-
-    def _action_fix_snmp(self) -> dict:
-        """Install, configure and start snmpd on the Proxmox node.
-
-        Proxmox runs Debian/Linux underneath. _exec_ssh_command runs as root
-        (either via Proxmox API execute endpoint or SSH with root credentials),
-        so no sudo is needed.
-        """
-        import base64 as _b64
-        lines: list[str] = []
-
-        # 1. Install snmpd and snmp client tools
-        install_out = self._exec_ssh_command(
-            "DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive apt-get install -y snmpd snmp 2>&1 | tail -5"
-        )
-        lines.append(f"[install] {install_out.strip()[-200:]}")
-
-        # 2. Detect the IP this connection comes from (for firewall rule)
-        netork_ip = ""
+    def _rc(self, command: str) -> tuple[str, int]:
+        """Run *command* and return its output and exit status (-1 when unknown)."""
+        out = self._exec_ssh_command(f"{{ {command}; }} 2>&1; echo __PVE_RC=$?")
+        text, _, tail = out.rpartition("__PVE_RC=")
         try:
-            raw = self._exec_ssh_command(
-                "ss -tnp 2>/dev/null | awk '/sshd/{print $5}' | head -1 | cut -d: -f1"
-            ).strip()
-            if raw and raw not in ("", "0.0.0.0", "::", "127.0.0.1"):
-                netork_ip = raw
-        except Exception as exc:
-            logger.debug("Failed to detect network origin IP: %s", exc)
+            return text.strip(), int(tail.strip())
+        except ValueError:
+            return out.strip(), -1
 
-        # 3. Write snmpd.conf via /tmp (no permission issues)
-        conf_str = (
-            "agentAddress udp:161\n"
-            "rocommunity public\n"
-            "sysLocation    Managed by netOrk\n"
-            "sysContact     netork@localhost\n"
+    def _step(self, command: str, done: str) -> dict:
+        output, status = self._rc(command)
+        return {"ok": status == 0, "output": done if status == 0 else output[-300:]}
+
+    # apt's proxy (napalm-device-types AptProxyMixin): the transports. The node
+    # is logged in as root, so every command runs as root.
+
+    def _run_apt_command(self, command: str) -> str:
+        return str(self._exec_ssh_command(command))
+
+    def _run_apt_root_command(self, command: str, done: str) -> dict:
+        return self._step(command, done)
+
+    def _write_apt_file(self, path: str, content: str) -> dict:
+        encoded = base64.b64encode(content.encode()).decode()
+        # No ``exit`` here: ``_rc`` reads the status after the command's braces.
+        return self._step(
+            f'umask 077 && t=$(mktemp) && echo {encoded} | base64 -d > "$t" && '
+            f'install -m 644 -o root -g root "$t" {shlex.quote(path)}; '
+            's=$?; rm -f "$t"; [ "$s" -eq 0 ]',
+            f"wrote {path}",
         )
-        conf_b64 = _b64.b64encode(conf_str.encode()).decode()
-        self._exec_ssh_command(f"echo {conf_b64} | base64 -d > /tmp/netork_snmpd.conf")
-        self._exec_ssh_command(
-            "mv /tmp/netork_snmpd.conf /etc/snmp/snmpd.conf && "
-            "chown root:root /etc/snmp/snmpd.conf && chmod 644 /etc/snmp/snmpd.conf"
+
+    def install_package(self, name: str, version: str = "") -> None:
+        """apt-get install *name* (``PackageManagementMixin``); raises when apt fails."""
+        if not _PACKAGE_NAME.match(name) or (version and not _PACKAGE_NAME.match(version)):
+            raise ValueError(f"not a package name: {name!r}")
+        target = f"{name}={version}" if version else name
+        output, status = self._rc(f"DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive apt-get install -y {target}")
+        if status != 0:
+            raise RuntimeError(f"apt-get install {target} failed: {output[-300:]}")
+
+    def get_management_peer(self) -> str | None:
+        """The address the node sees the SSH connection come from (``SSH_CONNECTION``)."""
+        out = self._exec_ssh_command('printf "%s\\n" "$SSH_CONNECTION"').split()
+        try:
+            return str(ipaddress.ip_address(out[0])) if out else None
+        except ValueError:
+            return None
+
+    def _install_snmp_agent(self) -> dict:
+        return self._step(
+            "DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive apt-get install -y snmpd snmp", "net-snmp installed"
         )
-        verify = self._exec_ssh_command("cat /etc/snmp/snmpd.conf 2>/dev/null").strip()
-        if "agentAddress" in verify and "rocommunity" in verify:
-            lines.append("[config] Wrote /etc/snmp/snmpd.conf - agentAddress udp:161, rocommunity public.")
-        else:
-            lines.append(f"[warn] snmpd.conf write may have failed: {verify[:100]}")
 
-        # 4. Open firewall if ufw is present
-        if netork_ip:
-            try:
-                ufw = self._exec_ssh_command("command -v ufw 2>/dev/null").strip()
-                if ufw:
-                    parts = netork_ip.rsplit(".", 1)
-                    subnet = f"{parts[0]}.0/24" if len(parts) == 2 else netork_ip
-                    fw_out = self._exec_ssh_command(
-                        f"ufw allow from {subnet} to any port 161 proto udp 2>&1"
-                    )
-                    lines.append(f"[firewall/ufw] {fw_out.strip()[:200]}")
-            except Exception as exc:
-                lines.append(f"[firewall] skipped - {exc}")
-
-        # 5. Stop and restart snmpd cleanly (no DBus needed for stop+start)
-        self._exec_ssh_command(
-            "service snmpd stop 2>/dev/null; pkill -9 snmpd 2>/dev/null; true"
+    def _write_snmp_agent_config(self, settings: dict) -> dict:
+        encoded = base64.b64encode(render_snmpd_conf(settings).encode()).decode()
+        return self._step(
+            f'umask 077 && t=$(mktemp) && echo {encoded} | base64 -d > "$t" && '
+            f'install -m 644 -o root -g root "$t" /etc/snmp/snmpd.conf; '
+            's=$?; rm -f "$t"; exit $s',
+            "wrote /etc/snmp/snmpd.conf",
         )
-        import time as _time
-        _time.sleep(1)
-        start_out = self._exec_ssh_command(
-            "service snmpd start 2>&1 || systemctl start snmpd 2>&1 || true"
+
+    def _allow_snmp_sources(self, settings: dict) -> dict:
+        sources = [_net(s) for s in settings.get("allowed_sources", [])]
+        if not sources:
+            return {"ok": True, "output": "no sources given; firewall unchanged"}
+        if self._rc("command -v ufw")[1] != 0:
+            return {"ok": True, "output": "no ufw; pve-firewall rules are the operator's"}
+        rules = " && ".join(f"ufw allow from {s} to any port 161 proto udp" for s in sources)
+        return self._step(rules, f"udp/161 open for {', '.join(sources)}")
+
+    def _start_snmp_agent(self) -> dict:
+        return self._step(
+            "systemctl enable snmpd && systemctl restart snmpd && systemctl is-active snmpd",
+            "snmpd enabled and running",
         )
-        lines.append(f"[service] {start_out.strip()[-200:]}")
-
-        # 6. Verify via local probe
-        _time.sleep(2)
-        probe_out = self._exec_ssh_command(
-            "snmpget -v2c -cpublic -t2 -r0 -Ov 127.0.0.1 1.3.6.1.2.1.1.1.0 2>&1 || true"
-        ).strip()
-        _snmp_types = ("STRING:", "INTEGER:", "OID:", "Timeticks:", "Hex-STRING:", "IpAddress:")
-        success = any(t in probe_out for t in _snmp_types)
-        if success:
-            lines.append("[ok] SNMP probe successful - community 'public' is working.")
-        else:
-            lines.append(f"[warn] SNMP probe failed - output: {probe_out[:200]}")
-
-        return {"success": success, "output": "\n".join(lines)}
-
-    # ------------------------------------------------------------------ #
-    # set_hostname
-    # ------------------------------------------------------------------ #
 
     def set_hostname(self, new_hostname: str) -> None:
         """Set the system hostname on the Proxmox node.
@@ -650,9 +618,11 @@ class ProxmoxSystemMixin:
             fqdn = new_hostname
 
         # Derive old short hostname for substitution in /etc/hosts
-        old_short = self._exec_ssh_command(
-            "cat /etc/hostname 2>/dev/null || hostname -s 2>/dev/null"
-        ).strip().split(".")[0]
+        old_short = (
+            self._exec_ssh_command("cat /etc/hostname 2>/dev/null || hostname -s 2>/dev/null")
+            .strip()
+            .split(".")[0]
+        )
 
         # ── 1. /etc/hostname ─────────────────────────────────────────────
         hostname_b64 = _b64.b64encode(f"{short_hostname}\n".encode()).decode()
@@ -667,6 +637,7 @@ class ProxmoxSystemMixin:
             # Both "hostname" and "hostname.domain" forms are covered because
             # the new value is the full fqdn when a domain was given.
             import re as _re
+
             new_replace = fqdn if domain else short_hostname
             hosts_new = _re.sub(
                 r"\b" + _re.escape(old_short) + r"\b",
@@ -683,16 +654,12 @@ class ProxmoxSystemMixin:
         # ── 3. /etc/mailname ─────────────────────────────────────────────
         mailname_b64 = _b64.b64encode(f"{fqdn}\n".encode()).decode()
         self._exec_ssh_command(
-            f"[ -f /etc/mailname ]"
-            f" && echo {mailname_b64} | base64 -d > /etc/mailname"
-            f" || true"
+            f"[ -f /etc/mailname ] && echo {mailname_b64} | base64 -d > /etc/mailname || true"
         )
 
         # ── 4. Postfix myhostname ─────────────────────────────────────────
         self._exec_ssh_command(
-            f"command -v postconf >/dev/null 2>&1"
-            f" && postconf -e 'myhostname = {fqdn}'"
-            f" || true"
+            f"command -v postconf >/dev/null 2>&1 && postconf -e 'myhostname = {fqdn}' || true"
         )
 
         # ── 5. Apply hostname at runtime ─────────────────────────────────
@@ -735,7 +702,9 @@ class ProxmoxSystemMixin:
         logger.info(
             "Proxmox set_hostname: %s → %s (fqdn: %s). "
             "Reboot required for node name to update in web UI / cluster.",
-            old_short, short_hostname, fqdn,
+            old_short,
+            short_hostname,
+            fqdn,
         )
 
     # ------------------------------------------------------------------ #
@@ -772,12 +741,12 @@ class ProxmoxSystemMixin:
             if not dev:
                 continue
             entry: dict = {
-                "model":   disk.get("model", ""),
-                "serial":  disk.get("serial", ""),
-                "type":    disk.get("type", ""),
-                "size":    disk.get("size", 0),
-                "health":  disk.get("health", "unknown").lower(),
-                "wearout": disk.get("wearout"),          # NVMe wear indicator 0-100
+                "model": disk.get("model", ""),
+                "serial": disk.get("serial", ""),
+                "type": disk.get("type", ""),
+                "size": disk.get("size", 0),
+                "health": disk.get("health", "unknown").lower(),
+                "wearout": disk.get("wearout"),  # NVMe wear indicator 0-100
                 "temperature": None,
                 "percentage_used": None,
                 "available_spare": None,
@@ -808,7 +777,7 @@ class ProxmoxSystemMixin:
                 # HDD-specific SMART attributes
                 for attr in smart.get("attributes", []):
                     name = attr.get("name", "").lower()
-                    raw  = attr.get("raw", "")
+                    raw = attr.get("raw", "")
                     try:
                         raw_int = int(str(raw).split()[0])
                     except (ValueError, TypeError):
@@ -846,7 +815,8 @@ class ProxmoxSystemMixin:
             "timezone": None,
             "ntp_servers": [],
             "ssh_port": 22,
-            "ssh_password_auth": False,
+            # A flag, not a password.
+            "ssh_password_auth": False,  # nosec B105
         }
 
         # Cluster name and node list from /cluster/status

napalm_proxmox/utils.py

@@ -14,7 +14,6 @@ from typing import Any
 
 from netaddr import EUI, AddrFormatError
 
-
 # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # MAC address helpers
 # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -47,6 +46,7 @@ def normalize_mac(mac: str) -> str:
 # IP / prefix helpers
 # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
+
 def prefix_length(cidr: str) -> int:
     """Return prefix length from a CIDR string such as '192.168.1.0/24' → 24."""
     try:
@@ -141,6 +141,7 @@ def speed_mbps(iface_data: dict[str, Any]) -> float:
 # ARP / neighbour table helpers
 # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
+
 def parse_arp_output(raw: str) -> list[dict[str, Any]]:
     """Parse Linux ``arp -n`` text output into NAPALM ARP dicts.
 
@@ -202,6 +203,7 @@ def sdn_zone_to_network_instance(zone: dict[str, Any]) -> dict[str, Any]:
 # OVS helpers
 # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
+
 def parse_ovs_vsctl_show(raw: str) -> dict[str, Any]:
     """Very lightweight parser for ``ovs-vsctl show`` output.
 

napalm_proxmox/vm_mixin.py

@@ -20,8 +20,6 @@ import logging
 import re
 from typing import Any
 
-from napalm_proxmox import utils
-
 logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
 _JsonDict = dict[str, Any]
@@ -30,9 +28,7 @@ _JsonDict = dict[str, Any]
 class ProxmoxVMMixin:
     """Mixin providing VM and container NAPALM methods."""
 
-    def get_vm_interfaces(
-        self, vmid: int, vm_type: str
-    ) -> tuple[dict[str, _JsonDict], bool, bool]:
+    def get_vm_interfaces(self, vmid: int, vm_type: str) -> tuple[dict[str, _JsonDict], bool, bool]:
         """Return network interfaces for a single VM or LXC container.
 
         Returns a 3-tuple ``(interfaces, agent_running, agent_enabled)``:
@@ -105,7 +101,7 @@ class ProxmoxVMMixin:
                 logger.debug("get_vm_interfaces: LXC %s config failed: %s", vmid, exc)
 
             try:
-                for iface in (self._node_api().lxc(vmid).interfaces.get() or []):
+                for iface in self._node_api().lxc(vmid).interfaces.get() or []:
                     name = iface.get("name", "")
                     if not name or name == "lo":
                         continue
@@ -233,7 +229,7 @@ class ProxmoxVMMixin:
 
         # QEMU VMs
         try:
-            for vm in (self._node_api().qemu.get() or []):
+            for vm in self._node_api().qemu.get() or []:
                 vmid = int(vm.get("vmid", 0))
                 name = vm.get("name", f"vm-{vmid}")
                 status = vm.get("status", "unknown")
@@ -256,30 +252,32 @@ class ProxmoxVMMixin:
                 )
 
                 disks, onboot = self._get_vm_disk_and_boot(vmid, "qemu")
-                result.append({
-                    "vmid": str(vmid),
-                    "name": name,
-                    "type": "vm",
-                    "status": status,
-                    "vcpus": vcpus,
-                    "memory": memory_mb,
-                    "cpu_usage": round(cpu_usage, 4),
-                    "memory_usage": memory_usage_mb,
-                    "uptime": uptime,
-                    "node": self._node_name,
-                    "interfaces": interfaces,
-                    "ipv4": ipv4,
-                    "agent_enabled": agent_enabled,
-                    "agent_running": agent_running,
-                    "disks": disks,
-                    "onboot": onboot,
-                })
+                result.append(
+                    {
+                        "vmid": str(vmid),
+                        "name": name,
+                        "type": "vm",
+                        "status": status,
+                        "vcpus": vcpus,
+                        "memory": memory_mb,
+                        "cpu_usage": round(cpu_usage, 4),
+                        "memory_usage": memory_usage_mb,
+                        "uptime": uptime,
+                        "node": self._node_name,
+                        "interfaces": interfaces,
+                        "ipv4": ipv4,
+                        "agent_enabled": agent_enabled,
+                        "agent_running": agent_running,
+                        "disks": disks,
+                        "onboot": onboot,
+                    }
+                )
         except Exception as exc:
             logger.warning("get_vms: failed to list QEMU VMs: %s", exc)
 
         # LXC containers
         try:
-            for ct in (self._node_api().lxc.get() or []):
+            for ct in self._node_api().lxc.get() or []:
                 vmid = int(ct.get("vmid", 0))
                 name = ct.get("name", f"ct-{vmid}")
                 status = ct.get("status", "unknown")
@@ -300,24 +298,26 @@ class ProxmoxVMMixin:
                 )
 
                 disks, onboot = self._get_vm_disk_and_boot(vmid, "lxc")
-                result.append({
-                    "vmid": str(vmid),
-                    "name": name,
-                    "type": "container",
-                    "status": status,
-                    "vcpus": vcpus,
-                    "memory": memory_mb,
-                    "cpu_usage": round(cpu_usage, 4),
-                    "memory_usage": memory_usage_mb,
-                    "uptime": uptime,
-                    "node": self._node_name,
-                    "interfaces": interfaces,
-                    "ipv4": ipv4,
-                    "agent_enabled": agent_enabled,
-                    "agent_running": agent_running,
-                    "disks": disks,
-                    "onboot": onboot,
-                })
+                result.append(
+                    {
+                        "vmid": str(vmid),
+                        "name": name,
+                        "type": "container",
+                        "status": status,
+                        "vcpus": vcpus,
+                        "memory": memory_mb,
+                        "cpu_usage": round(cpu_usage, 4),
+                        "memory_usage": memory_usage_mb,
+                        "uptime": uptime,
+                        "node": self._node_name,
+                        "interfaces": interfaces,
+                        "ipv4": ipv4,
+                        "agent_enabled": agent_enabled,
+                        "agent_running": agent_running,
+                        "disks": disks,
+                        "onboot": onboot,
+                    }
+                )
         except Exception as exc:
             logger.warning("get_vms: failed to list LXC containers: %s", exc)
 
@@ -328,9 +328,7 @@ class ProxmoxVMMixin:
     # Disk-key prefix for LXC: rootfs, mp (mount points)
     _DISK_KEYS_CT = re.compile(r"^(rootfs|mp\d+)$")
 
-    def _get_vm_disk_and_boot(
-        self, vmid: int, vm_type: str
-    ) -> tuple[list[dict], bool]:
+    def _get_vm_disk_and_boot(self, vmid: int, vm_type: str) -> tuple[list[dict], bool]:
         """Return (disks, onboot) for a VM or container.
 
         Fetches config from /nodes/{node}/{qemu|lxc}/{vmid}/config.
@@ -376,8 +374,8 @@ class ProxmoxVMMixin:
             logger.debug("Failed to fetch disk/boot config for vmid %s: %s", vmid, exc)
             return [], False
 
-    _POWER_ACTIONS_VM = {'start', 'stop', 'shutdown', 'reboot', 'reset'}
-    _POWER_ACTIONS_CT = {'start', 'stop', 'shutdown', 'reboot'}
+    _POWER_ACTIONS_VM = {"start", "stop", "shutdown", "reboot", "reset"}
+    _POWER_ACTIONS_CT = {"start", "stop", "shutdown", "reboot"}
 
     def power_vm(self, vmid: int, vm_type: str, action: str) -> dict:
         """Send a power action to a VM or container on this node.
@@ -385,11 +383,16 @@ class ProxmoxVMMixin:
         Supported actions for VMs:    start, stop, shutdown, reboot, reset
         Supported actions for containers: start, stop, shutdown, reboot
         """
-        allowed = self._POWER_ACTIONS_VM if vm_type == 'vm' else self._POWER_ACTIONS_CT
+        allowed = self._POWER_ACTIONS_VM if vm_type == "vm" else self._POWER_ACTIONS_CT
         if action not in allowed:
-            return {"success": False, "error": f"Action '{action}' not supported for {vm_type} (allowed: {sorted(allowed)})"}
+            return {
+                "success": False,
+                "error": (
+                    f"Action '{action}' not supported for {vm_type} (allowed: {sorted(allowed)})"
+                ),
+            }
         try:
-            vm_api = self._node_api().qemu(vmid) if vm_type == 'vm' else self._node_api().lxc(vmid)
+            vm_api = self._node_api().qemu(vmid) if vm_type == "vm" else self._node_api().lxc(vmid)
             task_id = getattr(vm_api.status, action).post()
             return {"success": True, "task_id": task_id or ""}
         except Exception as exc:

napalm_proxmox/vm_provision_mixin.py

@@ -4,22 +4,74 @@ from __future__ import annotations
 
 import base64
 import hashlib
+import ipaddress
 import logging
 import re
 import time
-import yaml
-from typing import Any, Dict, List
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any
 from urllib.parse import quote
 
+import yaml
 from napalm_device_types.models import (
     NetworkTargetDict,
     StorageTargetDict,
     VMProvisionResultDict,
     VMStatusDict,
 )
+from napalm_device_types.provisioning import (
+    QEMU_GUEST_AGENTS,
+    GuestAgents,
+    network_config,
+    split_compression,
+)
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    # Type-only: VMCpuTypeDict is newer than the napalm_device_types floor in
+    # pyproject.toml, and nothing here needs it at runtime.
+    from napalm_device_types.models import VMCpuTypeDict
 
 _logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
+# The CPU models a new VM may be given. Each lists the /proc/cpuinfo flags it
+# adds on top of QEMU's qemu64 baseline: what the node's CPU must have for the
+# model to start at all, and what a guest can count on. The sets follow
+# Proxmox's own x86-64-v* definitions (qemu-server, PVE/QemuServer/CPUConfig.pm).
+#
+# Leaving the model out of qemu.post is not neutral: Proxmox then falls back to
+# kvm64, which lacks even AES-NI, let alone the AVX MongoDB 5.0+ needs
+# (netOrk#494). The default below is what the Proxmox GUI picks since PVE 8.
+_X86_64_V2_AES_FLAGS = ("aes", "popcnt", "pni", "sse4_1", "sse4_2", "ssse3")
+_X86_64_V3_FLAGS = _X86_64_V2_AES_FLAGS + (
+    "avx",
+    "avx2",
+    "bmi1",
+    "bmi2",
+    "f16c",
+    "fma",
+    "abm",
+    "movbe",
+    "xsave",
+)
+_DEFAULT_CPU_TYPE = "x86-64-v2-AES"
+_CPU_MODELS = (
+    (
+        "x86-64-v2-AES",
+        _X86_64_V2_AES_FLAGS,
+        "Proxmox's own default: runs on practically any x86-64 server CPU and "
+        "can live-migrate between different ones. No AVX.",
+    ),
+    (
+        "x86-64-v3",
+        _X86_64_V3_FLAGS,
+        "Adds AVX and AVX2 (which MongoDB 5.0 and later need). Every node the VM "
+        "may run on needs an Intel Haswell or AMD Excavator CPU (2013) or newer.",
+    ),
+)
+_HOST_CPU_DESCRIPTION = (
+    "This node's CPU, passed through unchanged: fastest, with every feature it "
+    "has, but the VM can only live-migrate to nodes with the same CPU."
+)
+
 # Downloaded cloud images are cached here on the hypervisor node, keyed by
 # filename, so provisioning multiple VMs from the same image only pays the
 # download cost once.
@@ -31,6 +83,18 @@ _IMAGE_CACHE_DIR = "/var/lib/vz/template/netork-images"
 # raw for a qcow2 would attach the qcow2 container as a raw disk silently.
 _IMPORT_EXTENSIONS = {"qcow2": "qcow2", "raw": "raw", "vmdk": "vmdk", "img": "qcow2"}
 
+# The VM shell each guest needs. OpenBSD's qemu-ga cannot use virtio-serial,
+# and over ISA serial it answers only as the second port (cua01): the OpenBSD
+# cloud image keeps its console on com0, which serial0 takes (netork#793).
+_GUEST_VM_SETTINGS: dict[str, dict[str, str]] = {
+    "linux": {"ostype": "l26", "agent": "1"},
+    "freebsd": {"ostype": "other", "agent": "1"},
+    "openbsd": {"ostype": "other", "agent": "1,type=isa", "serial0": "socket"},
+}
+
+# A NIC as Proxmox reports it: "virtio=BC:24:11:AA:BB:02,bridge=vmbr0".
+_NIC_MAC = re.compile(r"^[a-z0-9]+=([0-9A-Fa-f:]{17})")
+
 # Characters Proxmox keeps in a content file name (PVE::Storage's
 # SAFE_CHAR_CLASS_RE); anything else it would rewrite behind our back.
 _UNSAFE_FILENAME_CHARS = re.compile(r"[^A-Za-z0-9\-.+=_]")
@@ -66,6 +130,10 @@ def _import_volume_name(image_url: str) -> str | None:
 class ProxmoxVMProvisionMixin:
     """Mixin to add VM provisioning to ProxmoxDriver."""
 
+    #: Every guest QEMU's agent runs on; see _GUEST_VM_SETTINGS for the VM
+    #: hardware each one needs.
+    GUEST_AGENTS: GuestAgents = QEMU_GUEST_AGENTS
+
     def _run_node_command(self, command: str, timeout: int) -> str:
         """
         Execute a shell command on the Proxmox node via SSH, raising on failure.
@@ -75,31 +143,7 @@ class ProxmoxVMProvisionMixin:
         disk import — where a non-zero exit or a caller-specific timeout must
         surface as a hard failure rather than an empty string.
         """
-        import paramiko
-
-        if self._ssh_client is None:
-            ssh_user = self._ssh_username or self.username
-            ssh_pass = self._ssh_password or self.password
-            ssh_pkey = None
-            if self._ssh_key and not ssh_pass:
-                from io import StringIO as _StringIO
-
-                ssh_pkey = paramiko.RSAKey.from_private_key(_StringIO(self._ssh_key))
-            self._ssh_client = paramiko.SSHClient()
-            self._ssh_client.set_missing_host_key_policy(paramiko.AutoAddPolicy())
-            connect_kwargs: Dict[str, Any] = {
-                "hostname": self.hostname,
-                "port": 22,
-                "username": ssh_user,
-                "timeout": self.timeout,
-            }
-            if ssh_pkey:
-                connect_kwargs["pkey"] = ssh_pkey
-            else:
-                connect_kwargs["password"] = ssh_pass
-            self._ssh_client.connect(**connect_kwargs)
-
-        _, stdout, stderr = self._ssh_client.exec_command(command, timeout=timeout)
+        _, stdout, stderr = self._node_ssh().exec_command(command, timeout=timeout)
         exit_status = stdout.channel.recv_exit_status()
         out = stdout.read().decode().strip()
         err = stderr.read().decode().strip()
@@ -169,6 +213,61 @@ class ProxmoxVMProvisionMixin:
 
         raise AssertionError("unreachable")  # loop always returns or raises above
 
+    def _cloud_image_on_node(self, image_url: str, image_checksum: str | None, timeout: int) -> str:
+        """The node path of the image, downloaded, verified and unpacked.
+
+        A packed image (FreeBSD ships .qcow2.xz) is unpacked on the node after
+        its checksum, which covers the packed file, has been verified; only
+        the unpacked file is kept. Proxmox's download-url unpacks ISOs only,
+        so a packed image always comes this way.
+        """
+        filename = image_url.rstrip("/").rsplit("/", 1)[-1]
+        unpacked_name, unpack = split_compression(filename)
+        if unpack is None:
+            return self._download_cloud_image(image_url, image_checksum, timeout=timeout)
+
+        unpacked = f"{_IMAGE_CACHE_DIR}/{_url_key(image_url)}-{unpacked_name}"
+        cached = self._run_node_command(
+            f"mkdir -p {_IMAGE_CACHE_DIR} && test -f {unpacked} && echo EXISTS || echo MISSING",
+            timeout=30,
+        )
+        if "EXISTS" in cached:
+            return unpacked
+        packed = self._download_cloud_image(image_url, image_checksum, timeout=timeout)
+        _logger.info(f"Unpacking {packed} -> {unpacked}")
+        self._run_node_command(
+            f"{unpack} {packed} > {unpacked}.tmp && mv {unpacked}.tmp {unpacked} && rm -f {packed}",
+            timeout=timeout,
+        )
+        return unpacked
+
+    def _write_snippet(self, storage_path: str, filename: str, content: str) -> None:
+        """Write a cloud-init snippet into *storage_path*/snippets on the node.
+
+        Proxmox's /storage/{s}/upload API only accepts content in
+        {iso, vztmpl, import} — "snippets" is rejected outright ("does not
+        have a value in the enumeration"). Snippets can only be written
+        directly to the filesystem, so this goes over SSH.
+        """
+        _logger.debug(f"Writing Cloud-Init snippet {filename} to {storage_path}/snippets")
+        encoded = base64.b64encode(content.encode("utf-8")).decode("ascii")
+        self._run_node_command(
+            f"mkdir -p {storage_path}/snippets && "
+            f"echo {encoded} | base64 -d > {storage_path}/snippets/{filename}",
+            timeout=30,
+        )
+
+    def _nic_macs(self, vmid: int, nics: list[dict[str, Any]]) -> list[tuple[str, bool]]:
+        """``(mac, dhcp)`` per NIC, with the MAC Proxmox assigned where none was given."""
+        config = self._node_api().qemu(vmid).config.get()
+        macs = []
+        for i, nic in enumerate(nics):
+            match = _NIC_MAC.match(config.get(f"net{i}", ""))
+            if not match:
+                raise RuntimeError(f"VM {vmid} has no MAC address on net{i}")
+            macs.append((match.group(1), nic.get("dhcp", i == 0)))
+        return macs
+
     def _find_import_storage(self) -> str | None:
         """The first storage on this node that accepts content "import".
 
@@ -231,7 +330,7 @@ class ProxmoxVMProvisionMixin:
         The path for nodes without an import storage, or for an image type
         Proxmox cannot import itself.
         """
-        local_path = self._download_cloud_image(image_url, image_checksum, timeout=download_timeout)
+        local_path = self._cloud_image_on_node(image_url, image_checksum, download_timeout)
         _logger.info(f"Importing {local_path} into VM {vmid} on storage {image_storage}")
         self._run_node_command(
             f"qm importdisk {vmid} {local_path} {image_storage} --format qcow2",
@@ -330,9 +429,9 @@ class ProxmoxVMProvisionMixin:
             )
         return path
 
-    def get_image_storages(self) -> List[StorageTargetDict]:
+    def get_image_storages(self) -> list[StorageTargetDict]:
         """List node-available storage pools suitable for a new VM's root disk."""
-        targets: List[StorageTargetDict] = []
+        targets: list[StorageTargetDict] = []
         for storage in self._node_api().storage.get():
             content = storage.get("content", "")
             if "images" not in content or storage.get("enabled", 1) == 0:
@@ -351,6 +450,56 @@ class ProxmoxVMProvisionMixin:
             )
         return targets
 
+    def get_vm_cpu_types(self) -> list[VMCpuTypeDict]:
+        """List the CPU models a new VM may be given, judged against this node's CPU."""
+        return self._cpu_types_for(self._node_cpu_flags())
+
+    def _node_cpu_flags(self) -> set[str]:
+        status = self._node_api().status.get() or {}
+        return set(str((status.get("cpuinfo") or {}).get("flags", "")).split())
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _cpu_types_for(node_flags: set[str]) -> list[VMCpuTypeDict]:
+        types: list[VMCpuTypeDict] = [
+            {
+                "name": name,
+                "description": description,
+                "features": list(flags),
+                "available": set(flags) <= node_flags,
+                "default": name == _DEFAULT_CPU_TYPE,
+            }
+            for name, flags, description in _CPU_MODELS
+        ]
+        types.append(
+            {
+                "name": "host",
+                "description": _HOST_CPU_DESCRIPTION,
+                "features": sorted(node_flags),
+                "available": True,
+                "default": False,
+            }
+        )
+        return types
+
+    def _resolve_cpu_type(self, cpu_type: str | None) -> str:
+        """The model to create the VM with. A model asked for by name is checked
+        against this node's CPU first: one it cannot run would fail only at VM
+        start, after the disk import, leaving a half-built VM behind."""
+        if cpu_type is None:
+            return _DEFAULT_CPU_TYPE
+        node_flags = self._node_cpu_flags()
+        offered = {t["name"]: t for t in self._cpu_types_for(node_flags)}
+        entry = offered.get(cpu_type)
+        if entry is None:
+            raise ValueError(f"Unknown CPU type {cpu_type!r}; choose one of {', '.join(offered)}")
+        if not entry["available"]:
+            missing = sorted(set(entry["features"]) - node_flags)
+            raise ValueError(
+                f"CPU type {cpu_type!r} needs {', '.join(missing)}, which the CPU of "
+                f"node {self._node_name} does not have"
+            )
+        return cpu_type
+
     def _wait_for_task(self, upid: str, timeout: int = 120) -> None:
         """
         Poll a Proxmox task until completion.
@@ -389,12 +538,14 @@ class ProxmoxVMProvisionMixin:
         image_url: str,
         cpu: int,
         memory: int,
-        nics: List[Dict[str, Any]],
-        cloud_init_config: Dict[str, Any],
+        nics: list[dict[str, Any]],
+        cloud_init_config: dict[str, Any],
         image_checksum: str | None = None,
-        ssh_public_keys: List[str] | None = None,
+        ssh_public_keys: list[str] | None = None,
         disk_resize_gb: int | None = None,
         storage: str | None = None,
+        cpu_type: str | None = None,
+        guest_os: str = "linux",
         download_timeout: int = 300,
         timeout: int = 180,
     ) -> VMProvisionResultDict:
@@ -427,6 +578,11 @@ class ProxmoxVMProvisionMixin:
             disk_resize_gb: resize root disk to this size (None = no resize)
             storage: storage pool for the root disk (None = auto-detect first
                 enabled, node-available storage with content='images')
+            cpu_type: CPU model from get_vm_cpu_types() (None = x86-64-v2-AES)
+            guest_os: the OS in the image, a key of GUEST_AGENTS. It sets the
+                OS type and how the agent is attached; a guest other than Linux
+                also gets a network-config v2 snippet of its own, because
+                FreeBSD's nuageinit skips runcmd on the v1 Proxmox writes.
             download_timeout: max seconds for the image download (skipped if cached)
             timeout: max seconds for the remaining provisioning steps
 
@@ -435,10 +591,18 @@ class ProxmoxVMProvisionMixin:
 
         Raises:
             RuntimeError: provisioning failure (download, import, config, timeout, etc.)
-            ValueError: invalid storage or configuration
+            ValueError: invalid storage or configuration, or a cpu_type that is
+                unknown or that this node's CPU cannot run (raised before
+                anything is created)
         """
+        if guest_os not in self.GUEST_AGENTS:
+            raise ValueError(
+                f"Cannot provision a {guest_os!r} guest; this driver provisions "
+                f"{', '.join(sorted(self.GUEST_AGENTS))}"
+            )
         try:
-            _logger.info(f"Creating VM '{name}' from image {image_url}")
+            _logger.info(f"Creating {guest_os} VM '{name}' from image {image_url}")
+            cpu_model = self._resolve_cpu_type(cpu_type)
 
             # Step 1: Get next VMID
             next_vmid = self._api.cluster.nextid.get()
@@ -452,12 +616,12 @@ class ProxmoxVMProvisionMixin:
                 name=name,
                 memory=memory,
                 cores=cpu,
-                ostype="l26",
+                cpu=cpu_model,
                 scsihw="virtio-scsi-pci",
-                # Without this, Proxmox never attaches the virtio-serial
-                # channel the QEMU guest agent needs — get_vm_status's
-                # agent queries (below) would have nothing to talk to.
-                agent="1",
+                # Includes agent: without it Proxmox never attaches the
+                # channel the QEMU guest agent needs — get_vm_status's agent
+                # queries (below) would have nothing to talk to.
+                **_GUEST_VM_SETTINGS[guest_os],
             )
 
             # Step 3: Download cloud image (cached) and import as root disk
@@ -469,7 +633,7 @@ class ProxmoxVMProvisionMixin:
             # Step 4: Configure network interfaces (CPU/memory already set at shell creation)
             _logger.info(f"Configuring {len(nics)} NIC(s) for VM {vmid}")
 
-            config_args: Dict[str, Any] = {}
+            config_args: dict[str, Any] = {}
 
             # Build NIC config strings generically
             for i, nic in enumerate(nics):
@@ -520,20 +684,20 @@ class ProxmoxVMProvisionMixin:
             )
 
             filename = f"{vmid}-user-data.yaml"
-            _logger.debug(f"Writing Cloud-Init snippet {filename} to {snippet_storage}")
-
-            # Proxmox's /storage/{s}/upload API only accepts content in
-            # {iso, vztmpl, import} — "snippets" is rejected outright
-            # ("does not have a value in the enumeration"). Snippets can only
-            # be written directly to the filesystem, so resolve the storage's
-            # backing path and write the file over SSH instead.
             storage_path = self._get_storage_path(snippet_storage)
-            encoded = base64.b64encode(user_data_yaml.encode("utf-8")).decode("ascii")
-            self._run_node_command(
-                f"mkdir -p {storage_path}/snippets && "
-                f"echo {encoded} | base64 -d > {storage_path}/snippets/{filename}",
-                timeout=30,
-            )
+            self._write_snippet(storage_path, filename, user_data_yaml)
+            cicustom = f"user={snippet_storage}:snippets/{filename}"
+
+            # Proxmox writes network-config v1, and FreeBSD's nuageinit fails
+            # on it and then skips runcmd, which starts the guest agent. A
+            # guest other than Linux gets the v2 every cloud-init reads.
+            network = network_config(self._nic_macs(vmid, nics)) if guest_os != "linux" else None
+            if network:
+                network_filename = f"{vmid}-network-config.yaml"
+                self._write_snippet(
+                    storage_path, network_filename, yaml.safe_dump(network, sort_keys=False)
+                )
+                cicustom += f",network={snippet_storage}:snippets/{network_filename}"
 
             # Step 7: Configure Cloud-Init references and SSH keys
             _logger.info(f"Setting Cloud-Init config for VM {vmid}")
@@ -547,7 +711,7 @@ class ProxmoxVMProvisionMixin:
                 # this points at a snippets-only storage.
                 "ide2": f"{image_storage}:cloudinit",
                 "citype": "nocloud",
-                "cicustom": f"user={snippet_storage}:snippets/{filename}",
+                "cicustom": cicustom,
             }
 
             # Configure DHCP for NICs where enabled (default True for index 0, False otherwise)
@@ -635,6 +799,10 @@ class ProxmoxVMProvisionMixin:
             except Exception as e:
                 _logger.debug(f"VM {vmid} stop failed (may already be stopped): {e}")
 
+            # The snippets have to be known before the delete: afterwards the
+            # VM's config is gone (napalm-proxmox#15).
+            snippets = self._cicustom_snippets(vmid_int)
+
             # Step 2: Delete VM
             # Proxmox's API parameter is hyphenated (destroy-unreferenced-disks),
             # not a valid Python identifier — proxmoxer forwards kwargs to the
@@ -649,21 +817,12 @@ class ProxmoxVMProvisionMixin:
 
             # Step 3: Clean up Cloud-Init snippets
             # (This is best-effort; snippet files may be unreachable if storage is unavailable)
-            try:
-                config = self._node_api().qemu(vmid_int).config.get()
-                cicustom = config.get("cicustom", "")
-                if "snippets/" in cicustom:
-                    parts = cicustom.split("=")
-                    if len(parts) >= 2:
-                        snippet_ref = parts[1]  # e.g. "snippets:snippets/101-user-data.yaml"
-                        storage, filepath = snippet_ref.split(":", 1)
-                        _logger.debug(f"Deleting snippet {filepath} from {storage}")
-                        try:
-                            self._node_api().storage(storage).content(filepath).delete()
-                        except Exception as e:
-                            _logger.warning(f"Failed to delete snippet {filepath}: {e}")
-            except Exception as e:
-                _logger.debug(f"Could not clean up snippets for VM {vmid}: {e}")
+            for storage, filepath in snippets:
+                _logger.debug(f"Deleting snippet {filepath} from {storage}")
+                try:
+                    self._node_api().storage(storage).content(filepath).delete()
+                except Exception as e:
+                    _logger.warning(f"Failed to delete snippet {filepath}: {e}")
 
             _logger.info(f"VM {vmid} destroyed successfully")
 
@@ -671,6 +830,24 @@ class ProxmoxVMProvisionMixin:
             _logger.exception(f"Failed to destroy VM {vmid}: {e}")
             raise
 
+    def _cicustom_snippets(self, vmid: int) -> list[tuple[str, str]]:
+        """``(storage, path)`` of every snippet the VM's cicustom names.
+
+        cicustom reads "user=local:snippets/101-user-data.yaml,network=...".
+        Best-effort: a VM whose config cannot be read has none to clean up.
+        """
+        try:
+            cicustom = self._node_api().qemu(vmid).config.get().get("cicustom", "")
+        except Exception as e:
+            _logger.debug(f"Could not read the snippets of VM {vmid}: {e}")
+            return []
+        snippets = []
+        for entry in cicustom.split(","):
+            storage, _, path = entry.partition("=")[2].partition(":")
+            if path.startswith("snippets/"):
+                snippets.append((storage, path))
+        return snippets
+
     def get_vm_status(
         self,
         vmid: str,
@@ -728,17 +905,18 @@ class ProxmoxVMProvisionMixin:
                     interfaces = (agent_info or {}).get("result", [])
 
                     # The guest agent does not report interfaces in a fixed order —
-                    # "lo" commonly comes first. Skip it and take the first real
-                    # NIC that has an IPv4 address.
+                    # loopback commonly comes first, named "lo" on Linux and
+                    # "lo0" on the BSDs. Skip loopback addresses, whatever the
+                    # interface is called, and take the first IPv4 address.
                     for iface in interfaces:
                         name = iface.get("name", "")
-                        if not name or name == "lo":
+                        if not name:
                             continue
                         for addr in iface.get("ip-addresses", []):
                             if addr.get("ip-address-type") != "ipv4":
                                 continue
                             ip_addr = addr.get("ip-address", "")
-                            if ip_addr:
+                            if ip_addr and not ipaddress.ip_address(ip_addr).is_loopback:
                                 _logger.info(f"VM {vmid} acquired IP {ip_addr}")
                                 return {
                                     "status": "running",
@@ -761,16 +939,16 @@ class ProxmoxVMProvisionMixin:
             raise
         except Exception as e:
             _logger.exception(f"Error getting status for VM {vmid}: {e}")
-            raise RuntimeError(f"Failed to get VM {vmid} status: {e}")
+            raise RuntimeError(f"Failed to get VM {vmid} status: {e}") from e
 
-    def get_network_targets(self) -> List[NetworkTargetDict]:
+    def get_network_targets(self) -> list[NetworkTargetDict]:
         """
         List selectable network targets (bridges + SDN vnets) for a new VM's NIC.
 
         Excludes physical NICs, bonds, and other non-bridge interface types —
         those are never valid ``NICConfigDict.bridge`` values on Proxmox.
         """
-        targets: List[NetworkTargetDict] = []
+        targets: list[NetworkTargetDict] = []
 
         for iface in self._get_node_network():
             iface_type = iface.get("type")

pyproject.toml

@@ -1,31 +1,29 @@
 [build-system]
-requires = ["setuptools>=61", "wheel"]
+requires = ["setuptools>=77"]
 build-backend = "setuptools.build_meta"
 
 [project]
 name = "napalm-proxmox"
-version = "0.1.0"
+version = "0.8.0"
 description = "NAPALM driver for Proxmox VE (classic Linux networking, SDN, OVS)"
 readme = "README.md"
-license = { text = "Apache-2.0" }
+license = "Apache-2.0"
 authors = [{ name = "Christian Manivong" }]
 keywords = ["napalm", "proxmox", "network", "sdn", "ovs", "automation"]
 classifiers = [
     "Development Status :: 3 - Alpha",
     "Intended Audience :: Developers",
     "Intended Audience :: System Administrators",
-    "License :: OSI Approved :: Apache Software License",
     "Programming Language :: Python :: 3",
-    "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.9",
     "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.10",
     "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.11",
     "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.12",
     "Topic :: System :: Networking",
 ]
-requires-python = ">=3.9"
+requires-python = ">=3.10"
 dependencies = [
     "napalm>=5.0.0",
-    "napalm_device_types>=2.0.0",
+    "napalm_device_types>=4.22.0",
     "paramiko>=5.0.0",  # CVE-2026-44405; imported directly for SSH fallback (driver.py)
     "proxmoxer>=2.0.0",
     "netaddr>=0.9.0",
@@ -33,34 +31,66 @@ dependencies = [
 ]
 
 [project.optional-dependencies]
-dev = [
-    "pytest>=7.4",
-    "pytest-cov>=4.1",
-    "pytest-mock>=3.12",
-    "responses>=0.24",
-    "ruff>=0.1",
-    "mypy>=1.7",
-]
+dev = ["pytest>=8", "pytest-cov>=5", "mypy>=1.11", "ruff>=0.6"]
 
 [project.entry-points."napalm.drivers"]
 proxmox = "napalm_proxmox:ProxmoxDriver"
 
+[project.urls]
+Repository = "https://git.netork.io/NAPALM/napalm-proxmox"
+Issues = "https://git.netork.io/NAPALM/napalm-proxmox/issues"
+Changelog = "https://git.netork.io/NAPALM/napalm-proxmox/src/branch/main/CHANGELOG.md"
+
 [tool.setuptools.packages.find]
 where = ["."]
 include = ["napalm_proxmox*"]
 
+[tool.setuptools.package-data]
+napalm_proxmox = ["py.typed"]
+
 [tool.ruff]
 line-length = 100
-target-version = "py39"
+target-version = "py310"
 
 [tool.ruff.lint]
-select = ["E", "F", "W", "I", "UP"]
+select = ["E", "F", "I", "UP", "B"]
+
+[tool.ruff.lint.per-file-ignores]
+# Recorded device output keeps its lines.
+"tests/**" = ["E501"]
+
+[tool.mypy]
+python_version = "3.10"
+strict = true
+# napalm itself is untyped, so every driver subclasses Any.
+disallow_subclassing_any = false
+
+[[tool.mypy.overrides]]
+module = ["napalm.*", "proxmoxer.*", "paramiko.*", "netaddr.*", "yaml.*"]
+ignore_missing_imports = true
+
+[[tool.mypy.overrides]]
+# Not yet under strict mypy (quality baseline); may only shrink.
+module = [
+    "napalm_proxmox.config_mixin",
+    "napalm_proxmox.driver",
+    "napalm_proxmox.interfaces_mixin",
+    "napalm_proxmox.lldp_mixin",
+    "napalm_proxmox.routing_mixin",
+    "napalm_proxmox.sdn_mixin",
+    "napalm_proxmox.system_mixin",
+    "napalm_proxmox.utils",
+    "napalm_proxmox.vm_contract_mixin",
+    "napalm_proxmox.vm_mixin",
+    "napalm_proxmox.vm_provision_mixin",
+]
+ignore_errors = true
 
 [tool.pytest.ini_options]
 testpaths = ["tests"]
-addopts = "--cov=napalm_proxmox --cov-report=term-missing"
 
-[tool.mypy]
-python_version = "3.9"
-warn_return_any = true
-warn_unused_configs = true
+[tool.coverage.run]
+source = ["napalm_proxmox"]
+
+[tool.coverage.report]
+fail_under = 68

tests/conftest.py

@@ -2,11 +2,11 @@
 
 from __future__ import annotations
 
-import pytest
 from unittest.mock import MagicMock, patch
 
-from napalm_proxmox.driver import ProxmoxDriver
+import pytest
 
+from napalm_proxmox.driver import ProxmoxDriver
 
 # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Sample API payloads
@@ -124,6 +124,7 @@ PVE_USERS = [
 # Driver fixture
 # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
+
 def _build_mock_api(
     nodes=None,
     node_status=None,

tests/quality_baseline.json

@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+{
+ "coverage_floor": 68.0,
+ "function_complexity": {
+  "napalm_proxmox/driver.py::ProxmoxDriver._resolve_node": 13,
+  "napalm_proxmox/driver.py::ProxmoxDriver.get_facts": 16,
+  "napalm_proxmox/interfaces_mixin.py::ProxmoxInterfaceMixin.get_interfaces_counters": 14,
+  "napalm_proxmox/interfaces_mixin.py::ProxmoxInterfaceMixin.get_mac_address_table": 22,
+  "napalm_proxmox/routing_mixin.py::ProxmoxRoutingMixin.get_route_to": 13,
+  "napalm_proxmox/routing_mixin.py::ProxmoxRoutingMixin.ping": 12,
+  "napalm_proxmox/sdn_mixin.py::ProxmoxSDNMixin._find_switch_uplink": 13,
+  "napalm_proxmox/sdn_mixin.py::ProxmoxSDNMixin._get_ovs_bridge_for_port": 13,
+  "napalm_proxmox/sdn_mixin.py::ProxmoxSDNMixin._get_vm_vlan_tags": 11,
+  "napalm_proxmox/sdn_mixin.py::ProxmoxSDNMixin._is_cluster_master": 13,
+  "napalm_proxmox/sdn_mixin.py::ProxmoxSDNMixin.get_network_instances": 13,
+  "napalm_proxmox/sdn_mixin.py::ProxmoxSDNMixin.get_vlans": 16,
+  "napalm_proxmox/sdn_mixin.py::ProxmoxSDNMixin.set_vlan": 13,
+  "napalm_proxmox/system_mixin.py::ProxmoxSystemMixin.get_disk_smart": 22,
+  "napalm_proxmox/system_mixin.py::ProxmoxSystemMixin.get_packages": 16,
+  "napalm_proxmox/system_mixin.py::ProxmoxSystemMixin.get_users": 15,
+  "napalm_proxmox/utils.py::addresses_from_node_network": 15,
+  "napalm_proxmox/vm_contract_mixin.py::parse_vm_config": 16,
+  "napalm_proxmox/vm_mixin.py::ProxmoxVMMixin._get_vm_disk_and_boot": 16,
+  "napalm_proxmox/vm_mixin.py::ProxmoxVMMixin.get_vm_interfaces": 37,
+  "napalm_proxmox/vm_mixin.py::ProxmoxVMMixin.get_vms": 21,
+  "napalm_proxmox/vm_provision_mixin.py::ProxmoxVMProvisionMixin.create_vm_from_cloud_init": 26,
+  "napalm_proxmox/vm_provision_mixin.py::ProxmoxVMProvisionMixin.get_vm_status": 16
+ },
+ "function_lines": {
+  "napalm_proxmox/driver.py::ProxmoxDriver.get_facts": 82,
+  "napalm_proxmox/interfaces_mixin.py::ProxmoxInterfaceMixin.get_mac_address_table": 71,
+  "napalm_proxmox/lldp_mixin.py::ProxmoxLLDPMixin.get_lldp_neighbors_detail": 52,
+  "napalm_proxmox/routing_mixin.py::ProxmoxRoutingMixin.ping": 78,
+  "napalm_proxmox/sdn_mixin.py::ProxmoxSDNMixin._get_vm_vlan_tags": 54,
+  "napalm_proxmox/sdn_mixin.py::ProxmoxSDNMixin.get_vlans": 66,
+  "napalm_proxmox/sdn_mixin.py::ProxmoxSDNMixin.set_vlan": 70,
+  "napalm_proxmox/system_mixin.py::ProxmoxSystemMixin.get_disk_smart": 74,
+  "napalm_proxmox/system_mixin.py::ProxmoxSystemMixin.get_packages": 66,
+  "napalm_proxmox/system_mixin.py::ProxmoxSystemMixin.get_users": 51,
+  "napalm_proxmox/system_mixin.py::ProxmoxSystemMixin.set_hostname": 124,
+  "napalm_proxmox/vm_mixin.py::ProxmoxVMMixin.get_vm_interfaces": 179,
+  "napalm_proxmox/vm_mixin.py::ProxmoxVMMixin.get_vms": 114,
+  "napalm_proxmox/vm_provision_mixin.py::ProxmoxVMProvisionMixin._download_cloud_image": 61,
+  "napalm_proxmox/vm_provision_mixin.py::ProxmoxVMProvisionMixin.create_vm_from_cloud_init": 232,
+  "napalm_proxmox/vm_provision_mixin.py::ProxmoxVMProvisionMixin.destroy_vm": 65,
+  "napalm_proxmox/vm_provision_mixin.py::ProxmoxVMProvisionMixin.get_vm_status": 92
+ },
+ "mypy_relaxed": [
+  "napalm_proxmox.config_mixin",
+  "napalm_proxmox.driver",
+  "napalm_proxmox.interfaces_mixin",
+  "napalm_proxmox.lldp_mixin",
+  "napalm_proxmox.routing_mixin",
+  "napalm_proxmox.sdn_mixin",
+  "napalm_proxmox.system_mixin",
+  "napalm_proxmox.utils",
+  "napalm_proxmox.vm_contract_mixin",
+  "napalm_proxmox.vm_mixin",
+  "napalm_proxmox.vm_provision_mixin"
+ ],
+ "python_file_lines": {},
+ "untyped_public": [
+  "napalm_proxmox/sdn_mixin.py::ProxmoxSDNMixin.set_vlan",
+  "napalm_proxmox/system_mixin.py::ProxmoxSystemMixin.get_snmp_config"
+ ]
+}

tests/test_connection.py

@@ -2,12 +2,13 @@
 
 from __future__ import annotations
 
-import pytest
-from unittest.mock import MagicMock, patch
+from unittest.mock import patch
 
+import pytest
 from napalm.base.exceptions import ConnectionException
+
 from napalm_proxmox.driver import ProxmoxDriver
-from tests.conftest import _build_mock_api, NODES_LIST
+from tests.conftest import _build_mock_api
 
 
 class TestOpen:
@@ -101,9 +102,7 @@ def _open_with(hostname, **api_kwargs):
 
 class TestClusterNodeResolution:
     def test_local_node_wins_over_first_listed(self):
-        drv = _open_with(
-            "172.22.8.120", nodes=CLUSTER_NODES_LIST, cluster_status=CLUSTER_STATUS
-        )
+        drv = _open_with("172.22.8.120", nodes=CLUSTER_NODES_LIST, cluster_status=CLUSTER_STATUS)
         assert drv._node_name == "pve-dual"
 
     def test_matches_by_ip_without_local_flag(self):
@@ -118,9 +117,7 @@ class TestClusterNodeResolution:
 
     def test_matches_short_name_of_fqdn(self):
         status = [{**n, "local": 0} for n in CLUSTER_STATUS if n["type"] == "node"]
-        drv = _open_with(
-            "pve-01.mgmt.example.com", nodes=CLUSTER_NODES_LIST, cluster_status=status
-        )
+        drv = _open_with("pve-01.mgmt.example.com", nodes=CLUSTER_NODES_LIST, cluster_status=status)
         assert drv._node_name == "pve-01"
 
     def test_single_node_without_cluster_status(self):

tests/test_environment.py

@@ -2,11 +2,12 @@
 
 from __future__ import annotations
 
-import pytest
-from tests.conftest import _build_mock_api, NODE_STATUS
 from unittest.mock import patch
 
+import pytest
+
 from napalm_proxmox.driver import ProxmoxDriver
+from tests.conftest import _build_mock_api
 
 
 class TestGetEnvironment:
@@ -25,9 +26,6 @@ class TestGetEnvironment:
         assert isinstance(result["fans"], dict)
 
     def test_temperature_with_sensors(self):
-        from tests.conftest import _build_mock_api, NODE_STATUS
-        from unittest.mock import patch
-        from napalm_proxmox.driver import ProxmoxDriver
 
         sensors_data = [
             {"name": "CPU Package", "value": "55.0"},
@@ -49,9 +47,6 @@ class TestGetEnvironment:
         assert result["temperature"]["GPU Core"]["is_critical"] is False
 
     def test_temperature_critical(self):
-        from tests.conftest import _build_mock_api
-        from unittest.mock import patch
-        from napalm_proxmox.driver import ProxmoxDriver
 
         sensors_data = [{"name": "NVMe", "value": "98.0"}]
         mock_api = _build_mock_api(sensors=sensors_data)

tests/test_fix_templates.py

@@ -0,0 +1,192 @@
+"""The fixes as napalm-device-types templates, with the caller's values (netOrk #1105).
+
+``fix_snmp`` wrote an application's snmpd.conf (community "public", "Managed by
+netOrk") and opened ufw for the caller's /24 guessed from ``ss``;
+``install_lldpd`` was an action of its own. Now ``configure_snmp_agent(settings)``
+takes every value from the caller, and ``ensure_package`` installs through the
+contract's ``install_package``. Every step reads its exit status.
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import re
+
+import pytest
+
+from napalm_proxmox import ProxmoxDriver
+
+SETTINGS = {"community": "c0mm", "allowed_sources": ["10.7.224.20"], "location": "rack 1"}
+
+
+class _Node:
+    """The node's shell: answers by command fragment, with an exit status."""
+
+    def __init__(self, **status):
+        self.status = status  # fragment -> exit status
+        self.ran: list[str] = []
+
+    def __call__(self, command: str) -> str:
+        self.ran.append(command)
+        if "SSH_CONNECTION" in command:
+            return "10.7.224.20 51234 10.0.0.9 22\n"
+        if command.startswith("dpkg-query"):
+            return "curl\tinstalled\n"
+        rc = next((code for frag, code in self.status.items() if frag in command), 0)
+        out = "ok" if rc == 0 else "E: failed"
+        return f"{out}\n__PVE_RC={rc}" if "__PVE_RC" in command else out
+
+
+@pytest.fixture
+def node():
+    return _Node()
+
+
+@pytest.fixture
+def driver(node):
+    d = ProxmoxDriver("pve", "root@pam", "pw")
+    d._exec_ssh_command = node
+    return d
+
+
+class TestSnmpAgent:
+    def test_install_write_open_start_with_the_callers_values(self, driver, node):
+        result = driver.configure_snmp_agent(SETTINGS)
+
+        assert result["success"] is True
+        assert [s["step"] for s in result["steps"]] == ["install", "configure", "firewall", "start"]
+        assert any("apt-get install -y snmpd snmp" in c for c in node.ran)
+        write = next(c for c in node.ran if "/etc/snmp/snmpd.conf" in c)
+        assert "install -m 644" in write
+        b64 = re.search(r"echo ([A-Za-z0-9+/=]+) \| base64 -d", write).group(1)
+        import base64
+
+        conf = base64.b64decode(b64).decode()
+        assert "rocommunity c0mm 10.7.224.20/32" in conf
+        assert "sysLocation    rack 1" in conf
+        assert "public" not in conf and "netork" not in conf.lower()
+        assert any("systemctl restart snmpd" in c for c in node.ran)
+
+    def test_no_temp_file_with_an_application_name(self, driver, node):
+        driver.configure_snmp_agent(SETTINGS)
+
+        assert not any("netork" in c for c in node.ran)
+
+    def test_ufw_opens_only_for_the_allowed_sources(self, driver, node):
+        node.status["command -v ufw"] = 0
+
+        driver.configure_snmp_agent(SETTINGS)
+
+        assert any("ufw allow from 10.7.224.20/32 to any port 161 proto udp" in c for c in node.ran)
+        assert not any(".0/24" in c for c in node.ran)
+
+    def test_a_failed_install_stops_the_fix(self, driver, node):
+        node.status["apt-get install -y snmpd"] = 100
+
+        result = driver.configure_snmp_agent(SETTINGS)
+
+        assert result["success"] is False
+        assert not any("/etc/snmp/snmpd.conf" in c for c in node.ran)
+
+    def test_the_management_peer(self, driver):
+        assert driver.get_management_peer() == "10.7.224.20"
+
+
+class TestPackages:
+    def test_ensure_package_installs_what_is_missing(self, driver, node):
+        result = driver.ensure_package("lldpd")
+
+        assert result["success"] is True
+        assert any("apt-get install -y lldpd" in c for c in node.ran)
+
+    def test_ensure_package_leaves_alone_what_is_there(self, driver, node):
+        assert driver.ensure_package("curl")["success"] is True
+        assert not any("apt-get install" in c for c in node.ran)
+
+    def test_install_package_raises_when_apt_fails(self, driver, node):
+        node.status["apt-get install -y lldpd"] = 100
+
+        with pytest.raises(RuntimeError, match="lldpd"):
+            driver.install_package("lldpd")
+
+    def test_a_name_that_is_no_package_name_is_refused(self, driver):
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError):
+            driver.install_package("lldpd; reboot")
+
+
+def test_the_old_actions_are_gone():
+    for name in ("run_device_action", "_action_fix_snmp", "_action_install_lldpd"):
+        assert not hasattr(ProxmoxDriver, name), name
+
+
+_APT_REPORT = (
+    "APROXY_BEGIN\n[dump]\n{dump}[parts]\n{parts}[main]\n[sources]\n"
+    "http://download.proxmox.com/debian/pve/dists/trixie/\nAPROXY_END\n"
+)
+
+
+class _AptNode(_Node):
+    """A node that answers apt's proxy report and a fetch."""
+
+    def __init__(self, proxy="", parts=""):
+        super().__init__()
+        self.proxy = proxy
+        self.parts = parts
+
+    def __call__(self, command: str) -> str:
+        if "apt-config dump" in command:
+            self.ran.append(command)
+            dump = f'Acquire::http::Proxy "{self.proxy}";\n' if self.proxy else ""
+            return _APT_REPORT.format(dump=dump, parts=self.parts)
+        if "apt-helper" in command:
+            self.ran.append(command)
+            return "APROXY_BEGIN\n[fetch]\nGet:1 x\n[rc]\n0\n[match]\n2\nAPROXY_END\n"
+        return super().__call__(command)
+
+
+class TestPackageProxy:
+    """Proxmox VE is Debian: apt's proxy is set and read as on any Debian host (netOrk #1397)."""
+
+    def test_it_takes_the_fix(self):
+        assert callable(getattr(ProxmoxDriver, "configure_package_proxy", None))
+
+    def test_the_fact(self):
+        d = ProxmoxDriver("pve", "root@pam", "pw")
+        d._exec_ssh_command = _AptNode(proxy="http://c:3142")
+
+        assert d.get_package_proxy() == "http://c:3142"
+
+    def test_written_as_root_read_back_and_fetched_through(self):
+        node = _AptNode(proxy="http://c:3142")
+        d = ProxmoxDriver("pve", "root@pam", "pw")
+        d._exec_ssh_command = node
+
+        result = d.configure_package_proxy("http://c:3142")
+
+        assert result["success"] is True, result["output"]
+        write = next(c for c in node.ran if "/etc/apt/apt.conf.d/00proxy" in c)
+        assert "install -m 644" in write
+        b64 = re.search(r"echo ([A-Za-z0-9+/=]+) \| base64 -d", write).group(1)
+        import base64
+
+        assert base64.b64decode(b64).decode() == 'Acquire::http::Proxy "http://c:3142";\n'
+        assert any("dists/trixie/InRelease" in c for c in node.ran)
+
+    def test_another_proxy_is_commented_out(self):
+        node = _AptNode(
+            proxy="http://c:3142",
+            parts='/etc/apt/apt.conf.d/90curtin-aptproxy:1:Acquire::http::Proxy "http://old:3128";\n',
+        )
+        d = ProxmoxDriver("pve", "root@pam", "pw")
+        d._exec_ssh_command = node
+
+        d.configure_package_proxy("http://c:3142")
+
+        assert any(c.startswith("{ sed -i -e '1{") for c in node.ran)
+
+    def test_the_proxy_answers(self):
+        d = ProxmoxDriver("pve", "root@pam", "pw")
+        d._exec_ssh_command = _AptNode()
+
+        result = d.check_package_proxy("http://c:3142/acng-report.html", expect="Cache")
+
+        assert result == {"reachable": True, "expected": True, "error": ""}

tests/test_full_upgrade.py

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+"""Proxmox VE says that "upgrade everything" must be a full upgrade on it.
+
+A plain ``apt-get upgrade`` can leave a node half updated; Proxmox documents
+``apt full-upgrade``. netOrk reads ``FULL_UPGRADE`` to choose.
+"""
+
+from napalm_proxmox.driver import ProxmoxDriver
+
+
+def test_a_full_upgrade_is_declared():
+    assert ProxmoxDriver.FULL_UPGRADE is True

tests/test_get_facts.py

@@ -3,10 +3,8 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 import pytest
-from tests.conftest import _build_mock_api, NODE_NETWORK
-from unittest.mock import patch
 
-from napalm_proxmox.driver import ProxmoxDriver
+from tests.conftest import NODE_NETWORK
 
 
 @pytest.fixture

tests/test_interfaces.py

@@ -2,11 +2,7 @@
 
 from __future__ import annotations
 
-import pytest
-from tests.conftest import _build_mock_api, NODE_NETWORK
-from unittest.mock import patch
-
-from napalm_proxmox.driver import ProxmoxDriver
+from tests.conftest import NODE_NETWORK
 
 
 class TestGetInterfaces:
@@ -89,10 +85,18 @@ class TestGetInterfacesCounters:
         result = driver.get_interfaces_counters()
         eth0 = result["eth0"]
         for field in (
-            "tx_errors", "rx_errors", "tx_discards", "rx_discards",
-            "tx_octets", "rx_octets", "tx_unicast_packets", "rx_unicast_packets",
-            "tx_multicast_packets", "rx_multicast_packets",
-            "tx_broadcast_packets", "rx_broadcast_packets",
+            "tx_errors",
+            "rx_errors",
+            "tx_discards",
+            "rx_discards",
+            "tx_octets",
+            "rx_octets",
+            "tx_unicast_packets",
+            "rx_unicast_packets",
+            "tx_multicast_packets",
+            "rx_multicast_packets",
+            "tx_broadcast_packets",
+            "rx_broadcast_packets",
         ):
             assert field in eth0, f"Missing field: {field}"
 

tests/test_kernel_facts.py

@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+"""`get_kernel_facts`: what the node's kernel has built and loaded.
+
+A Proxmox node runs its own kernel under every guest, which makes it the host
+where a kernel CVE's preconditions matter most. The command and its parse are
+napalm-device-types'; the driver only carries the command over its exec path.
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import base64
+import gzip
+from unittest.mock import patch
+
+import pytest
+from napalm_device_types import KernelFactsMixin
+from napalm_device_types.kernel import KERNEL_FACTS_COMMAND
+
+from napalm_proxmox.driver import ProxmoxDriver
+
+REPORT = (
+    "[release]\n6.8.12-4-pve\n[loaded]\nkvm_intel\n[builtin]\nkernel/net/ipv4/tcp_cubic.ko\n"
+    "[available]\nkernel/net/tipc/tipc.ko\n[config]\nCONFIG_TIPC=m\n"
+)
+WIRE = "KFACTS_BEGIN\n" + base64.encodebytes(gzip.compress(REPORT.encode())).decode() + "KFACTS_END"
+
+
+def test_the_driver_declares_the_contract():
+    assert issubclass(ProxmoxDriver, KernelFactsMixin)
+
+
+def test_it_runs_the_shared_command(driver):
+    with patch.object(driver, "_exec_ssh_command", return_value=WIRE) as exec_:
+        facts = driver.get_kernel_facts()
+
+    exec_.assert_called_once_with(KERNEL_FACTS_COMMAND)
+    assert facts["release"] == "6.8.12-4-pve"
+    assert facts["loaded"] == ["kvm_intel"]
+    assert facts["builtin"] == ["tcp_cubic"]
+    assert facts["available"] == ["tipc"]
+    assert facts["config"] == {"CONFIG_TIPC": "m"}
+
+
+def test_output_without_a_report_raises(driver):
+    with patch.object(driver, "_exec_ssh_command", return_value=""):
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError):
+            driver.get_kernel_facts()

tests/test_licenses.py

@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+"""The node's subscription as a fact (netOrk #1111).
+
+The driver named ``no_subscription`` itself, comparing against "NotFound" while
+the API answers "notfound" -- so it never fired. It reports the subscription
+now; whether a missing one is a warning is the caller's decision.
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import pytest
+
+from napalm_proxmox import ProxmoxDriver
+
+
+def _driver(subscription: dict) -> ProxmoxDriver:
+    d = ProxmoxDriver("pve", "root@pam", "pw")
+    d._get_node_subscription = lambda: subscription
+    return d
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    "raw, status",
+    [
+        ("notfound", "none"),
+        ("NotFound", "none"),
+        ("active", "active"),
+        ("invalid", "invalid"),
+        ("expired", "expired"),
+        ("new", "unknown"),
+        ("suspended", "unknown"),
+    ],
+)
+def test_the_api_status_as_a_license_status(raw, status):
+    [lic] = _driver({"status": raw, "message": "There is no subscription key"}).get_licenses()
+
+    assert lic["name"] == "pve-subscription"
+    assert lic["status"] == status
+    assert lic["detail"] == "There is no subscription key"
+
+
+def test_level_and_due_date_when_subscribed():
+    sub = {
+        "status": "active",
+        "productname": "Proxmox VE Community Subscription 1 CPU/year",
+        "nextduedate": "2027-03-01",
+    }
+    [lic] = _driver(sub).get_licenses()
+
+    assert lic["edition"] == "Proxmox VE Community Subscription 1 CPU/year"
+    assert lic["expires"] == "2027-03-01"
+
+
+def test_an_unreadable_subscription_reports_nothing():
+    """``_get_node_subscription`` gives {} when the API call fails: no fact, not "none"."""
+    assert _driver({}).get_licenses() == []
+
+
+def test_no_warnings_of_its_own():
+    """lldpd, the updates and the subscription are facts the caller reads
+    (get_packages, get_available_updates, get_licenses)."""
+    assert not any(
+        "get_device_warnings" in vars(c)
+        for c in ProxmoxDriver.__mro__[:-1]
+        if c.__module__.startswith("napalm_proxmox")
+    )

tests/test_listening_sockets.py

@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+"""`get_listening_sockets`: what listens on the node, and which service it is.
+
+Whether pveproxy, a Ceph manager or a guest-facing service is reachable from
+outside the node is decided by the address it listens on. The command and its
+parse are napalm-device-types'; the driver only carries the command over its
+exec path, which already runs as root.
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from unittest.mock import patch
+
+from napalm_device_types import ListeningSocketsMixin
+
+from napalm_proxmox.driver import ProxmoxDriver
+
+WIRE = (
+    "SOCK_BEGIN\n[ss]\n"
+    'tcp LISTEN 0 4096 *:8006 *:* users:(("pveproxy worker",pid=2101,fd=6))\n'
+    "__SS_RC=0\n[cgroups]\n"
+    "2101 0::/system.slice/pveproxy.service\n"
+    "SOCK_END\n"
+)
+
+
+def test_the_driver_declares_the_contract():
+    assert issubclass(ProxmoxDriver, ListeningSocketsMixin)
+
+
+def test_it_reads_as_root_over_the_exec_path(driver):
+    with patch.object(driver, "_exec_ssh_command", return_value=WIRE) as exec_:
+        reading = driver.get_listening_sockets()
+
+    [command] = [c.args[0] for c in exec_.call_args_list]
+    assert command.startswith("sh -c '")
+    assert reading["attributed"] is True
+    [socket] = reading["sockets"]
+    assert (socket["address"], socket["port"], socket["unit"]) == ("*", 8006, "pveproxy")

tests/test_misc.py

@@ -2,8 +2,9 @@
 
 from __future__ import annotations
 
+from unittest.mock import patch
+
 import pytest
-from unittest.mock import MagicMock, patch
 
 
 class TestGetNTPServers:
@@ -85,7 +86,7 @@ class TestGetUsers:
     def test_user_has_required_keys(self, driver):
         driver._node_api().execute.post.return_value = {"data": ""}
         result = driver.get_users()
-        for user, data in result.items():
+        for _user, data in result.items():
             assert "level" in data
             assert "password" in data
             assert "sshkeys" in data
@@ -248,7 +249,7 @@ class TestGetRouteTo:
     def test_route_fields(self, driver):
         driver._node_api().execute.post.return_value = {"data": self.ROUTE_OUTPUT}
         result = driver.get_route_to()
-        for prefix, routes in result.items():
+        for _prefix, routes in result.items():
             for route in routes:
                 assert "protocol" in route
                 assert "next_hop" in route
@@ -257,7 +258,7 @@ class TestGetRouteTo:
     def test_protocol_filter(self, driver):
         driver._node_api().execute.post.return_value = {"data": self.ROUTE_OUTPUT}
         result = driver.get_route_to(protocol="dhcp")
-        for prefix, routes in result.items():
+        for _prefix, routes in result.items():
             for route in routes:
                 assert "dhcp" in route["protocol"].lower()
 

tests/test_ovs_and_arp.py

@@ -2,12 +2,10 @@
 
 from __future__ import annotations
 
-import pytest
 from unittest.mock import patch
 
 from napalm_proxmox import utils
 
-
 PROC_NET_ARP = """\
 IP address       HW type  Flags  HW address          Mask   Device
 10.0.0.254       0x1      0x2    aa:bb:cc:dd:ee:ff   *      eth0
@@ -137,10 +135,7 @@ class TestGetMACAddressTable:
         "cc:dd:ee:ff:00:11 dev eth0 vlan 20 master vmbr0\n"
     )
 
-    OVS_APPCTL = (
-        " LOCAL     0  aa:bb:cc:dd:ee:03    0\n"
-        "     1    10  11:22:33:44:55:66  100\n"
-    )
+    OVS_APPCTL = " LOCAL     0  aa:bb:cc:dd:ee:03    0\n     1    10  11:22:33:44:55:66  100\n"
 
     def test_linux_bridge_entries(self, driver):
         def _exec(cmd):

tests/test_sdn.py

@@ -2,8 +2,7 @@
 
 from __future__ import annotations
 
-import pytest
-from tests.conftest import _build_mock_api, SDN_ZONES, SDN_VNETS
+from tests.conftest import _build_mock_api
 
 
 class TestGetVlans:
@@ -52,8 +51,8 @@ class TestGetVlans:
 
     def test_empty_sdn_returns_dict(self):
         from unittest.mock import patch
+
         from napalm_proxmox.driver import ProxmoxDriver
-        from tests.conftest import _build_mock_api
 
         mock_api = _build_mock_api(sdn_vnets=[], sdn_zones=[])
         drv = ProxmoxDriver("pve1", "root", "secret", optional_args={"verify_ssl": False})

tests/test_service_packages.py

@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+"""`get_service_packages`: which installed packages each systemd unit of the node is.
+
+The node's own services -- pveproxy, corosync, ceph -- are where a decision
+about a service lands on a hypervisor (NetOrk/netork#1236). The command and its
+parse are napalm-device-types'; the driver only carries the command over its
+exec path.
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from unittest.mock import patch
+
+import pytest
+from napalm_device_types import ServicePackagesMixin
+from napalm_device_types.service_packages import SERVICE_PACKAGES_COMMAND
+
+from napalm_proxmox.driver import ProxmoxDriver
+
+WIRE = (
+    "SVCPKG_BEGIN\n[units]\nId=pveproxy.service\n"
+    "FragmentPath=/lib/systemd/system/pveproxy.service\n"
+    "ExecStart={ path=/usr/bin/pveproxy ; argv[]=/usr/bin/pveproxy start }\n\n"
+    "[dpkg]\npve-manager: /lib/systemd/system/pveproxy.service\n"
+    "pve-manager: /usr/bin/pveproxy\nSVCPKG_END"
+)
+
+
+def test_the_driver_declares_the_contract():
+    assert issubclass(ProxmoxDriver, ServicePackagesMixin)
+
+
+def test_it_runs_the_shared_command(driver):
+    with patch.object(driver, "_exec_ssh_command", return_value=WIRE) as exec_:
+        found = driver.get_service_packages()
+
+    exec_.assert_called_once_with(SERVICE_PACKAGES_COMMAND)
+    assert found == {"pveproxy": ["pve-manager"]}
+
+
+def test_output_without_a_report_raises(driver):
+    with patch.object(driver, "_exec_ssh_command", return_value=""):
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError):
+            driver.get_service_packages()

tests/test_services.py

@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+"""Services on a Proxmox node: systemd, through napalm-device-types' mixin.
+
+The listing used to read ``list-unit-files``' second column, which since
+systemd 245 is followed by a preset column -- so ``enabled`` was false for
+every service on every node (#6). An action ended in ``|| true`` and reported
+success whatever happened. Both now come from the shared mixin; the driver
+only carries the command over its exec path, as root.
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from unittest.mock import patch
+
+import pytest
+from napalm_device_types import SystemdServicesMixin
+from napalm_device_types.systemd import SYSTEMD_SERVICES_COMMAND, service_action_command
+
+from napalm_proxmox.driver import ProxmoxDriver
+
+REPORT = (
+    "SVC_BEGIN\n[files]\npveproxy.service enabled enabled\n[units]\n"
+    "MainPID=1234\nId=pveproxy.service\nNames=pveproxy.service\nLoadState=loaded\n"
+    "ActiveState=active\nSubState=running\nUnitFileState=enabled\n"
+    "[generated]\nSVC_END\n"
+)
+
+
+def test_the_driver_uses_the_shared_mixin():
+    assert issubclass(ProxmoxDriver, SystemdServicesMixin)
+    assert ProxmoxDriver.get_services is SystemdServicesMixin.get_services
+    assert ProxmoxDriver.manage_service is SystemdServicesMixin.manage_service
+
+
+def test_listing_runs_the_shared_command(driver):
+    with patch.object(driver, "_exec_ssh_command", return_value=REPORT) as exec_:
+        services = driver.get_services()
+
+    exec_.assert_called_once_with(SYSTEMD_SERVICES_COMMAND)
+    assert services == [{"name": "pveproxy", "running": True, "enabled": True, "pid": 1234}]
+
+
+def test_an_unreadable_listing_raises_instead_of_reporting_no_services(driver):
+    with patch.object(driver, "_exec_ssh_command", return_value=""):
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError):
+            driver.get_services()
+
+
+def test_an_action_reports_its_real_outcome(driver):
+    failed = "Failed to restart nope.service: Unit nope.service not found.\n__SVC_RC=5"
+    with patch.object(driver, "_exec_ssh_command", return_value=failed) as exec_:
+        result = driver.manage_service("nope", "restart")
+
+    exec_.assert_called_once_with(service_action_command("nope", "restart"))
+    assert result["success"] is False
+    assert "not found" in result["output"]
+
+
+def test_a_successful_action(driver):
+    with patch.object(driver, "_exec_ssh_command", return_value="__SVC_RC=0"):
+        assert driver.manage_service("pveproxy", "restart") == {"success": True, "output": ""}
+
+
+def test_an_invalid_name_never_reaches_the_node(driver):
+    with patch.object(driver, "_exec_ssh_command") as exec_:
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError):
+            driver.manage_service("pveproxy; reboot", "stop")
+
+    exec_.assert_not_called()

tests/test_ssh_host_key.py

@@ -0,0 +1,133 @@
+"""The node's SSH session verifies its host key, and reports the one it sees (NetOrk/netork#1167).
+
+Both ways onto the node's shell — the best-effort ``_exec_ssh_command`` and the
+provisioning steps' ``_run_node_command`` — share one session, opened on port 22.
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from unittest.mock import MagicMock
+
+import paramiko
+import pytest
+from napalm_device_types.ssh_host_keys import (
+    KNOWN_KEYS_ARG,
+    OBSERVER_ARG,
+    SshHostKey,
+    SshHostKeyMismatch,
+)
+
+from napalm_proxmox.driver import ProxmoxDriver
+
+SERVER_KEY = paramiko.ECDSAKey.generate()
+OTHER_KEY = paramiko.ECDSAKey.generate()
+
+
+class _Stream:
+    def __init__(self, data: bytes) -> None:
+        self._data = data
+        self.channel = MagicMock()
+        self.channel.recv_exit_status.return_value = 0
+
+    def read(self) -> bytes:
+        return self._data
+
+
+class _Client:
+    """paramiko.SSHClient as far as the driver uses it; refuses like paramiko would."""
+
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        self.lines: list[str] = []
+        self.policy = None
+        self.connected_with: dict | None = None
+        self.commands: list[str] = []
+
+    def set_missing_host_key_policy(self, policy) -> None:
+        self.policy = policy
+
+    def get_host_keys(self):
+        client = self
+
+        class _Keys:
+            def load(self, path: str) -> None:
+                with open(path) as f:
+                    client.lines += f.read().splitlines()
+
+        return _Keys()
+
+    def connect(self, hostname, **kwargs) -> None:
+        if self.lines and SshHostKey.of(SERVER_KEY).key not in self.lines[0]:
+            raise paramiko.BadHostKeyException(hostname, SERVER_KEY, OTHER_KEY)
+        if not self.lines:
+            self.policy.missing_host_key(self, hostname, SERVER_KEY)
+        self.connected_with = {"hostname": hostname, **kwargs}
+
+    def get_transport(self):
+        transport = MagicMock()
+        transport.get_remote_server_key.return_value = SERVER_KEY
+        return transport
+
+    def exec_command(self, command, timeout=None):
+        self.commands.append(command)
+        return None, _Stream(b"ok"), _Stream(b"")
+
+    def close(self) -> None:
+        pass
+
+
+@pytest.fixture
+def client(monkeypatch) -> _Client:
+    fake = _Client()
+    monkeypatch.setattr(paramiko, "SSHClient", lambda: fake)
+    return fake
+
+
+def _driver(seen: list, known: dict | None = None) -> ProxmoxDriver:
+    args: dict = {"port": 8006, OBSERVER_ARG: seen.append}
+    if known is not None:
+        args[KNOWN_KEYS_ARG] = known
+    driver = ProxmoxDriver("10.0.0.9", "root", "s3cret", optional_args=args)
+    driver._node_api = MagicMock(side_effect=RuntimeError("no exec endpoint"))  # type: ignore[method-assign]
+    return driver
+
+
+def test_first_use_runs_the_command_and_reports_the_key(client):
+    seen: list = []
+    assert _driver(seen)._run_node_command("true", timeout=5) == "ok"
+    assert client.connected_with["port"] == 22
+    assert seen[0]["accepted"] is True
+    assert (seen[0]["host"], seen[0]["port"]) == ("10.0.0.9", 22)
+
+
+def test_the_key_for_the_api_port_is_not_the_ssh_one(client):
+    seen: list = []
+    other = SshHostKey.of(OTHER_KEY).as_dict()
+    _driver(seen, {"8006": other})._run_node_command("true", timeout=5)
+    assert seen[0]["expected"] is None
+
+
+def test_a_changed_key_stops_a_provisioning_step(client):
+    seen: list = []
+    driver = _driver(seen, {"22": SshHostKey.of(OTHER_KEY).as_dict()})
+    with pytest.raises(SshHostKeyMismatch):
+        driver._run_node_command("qm importdisk …", timeout=5)
+    assert client.commands == []
+    assert client.connected_with is None
+    assert seen[0]["accepted"] is False
+
+
+def test_a_changed_key_leaves_the_best_effort_read_empty(client):
+    seen: list = []
+    driver = _driver(seen, {"22": SshHostKey.of(OTHER_KEY).as_dict()})
+    assert driver._exec_ssh_command("cat /etc/os-release") == ""
+    assert client.commands == []
+    assert seen[0]["accepted"] is False
+
+
+def test_the_known_key_reuses_one_session(client):
+    seen: list = []
+    driver = _driver(seen, {"22": SshHostKey.of(SERVER_KEY).as_dict()})
+    driver._exec_ssh_command("uptime")
+    driver._run_node_command("true", timeout=5)
+    assert client.commands == ["uptime", "true"]
+    assert len(seen) == 1 and seen[0]["accepted"] is True

tests/test_system_identity.py

@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+"""`get_system_identity`: the node's SMBIOS identity, what ties it to its BMC.
+
+The command, its parse and the placeholder filter are napalm-device-types'; the driver
+only carries the command over its exec path, which runs as root.
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from unittest.mock import patch
+
+from napalm_device_types import SYSTEM_IDENTITY_COMMAND, SystemIdentityMixin
+
+from napalm_proxmox.driver import ProxmoxDriver
+
+# pve-dual, a Supermicro X10DRL-i: the product serial is the board vendor's default.
+WIRE = "IDBEGIN\n31303043-534D-C40C-7A72-6F1300000000\n0123456789\nZM155S026022\nIDEND\n"
+
+
+def test_the_driver_declares_the_contract():
+    assert issubclass(ProxmoxDriver, SystemIdentityMixin)
+
+
+def test_it_runs_the_shared_command(driver):
+    with patch.object(driver, "_exec_ssh_command", return_value=WIRE) as exec_:
+        identity = driver.get_system_identity()
+
+    exec_.assert_called_once_with(SYSTEM_IDENTITY_COMMAND)
+    assert identity == {
+        "system_uuid": "31303043-534d-c40c-7a72-6f1300000000",
+        "product_serial": "",
+        "board_serial": "ZM155S026022",
+    }

tests/test_updates.py

@@ -0,0 +1,120 @@
+"""Pending updates on a Proxmox node: from where, whether they are security fixes,
+and whether the node needs a reboot.
+
+The node's APT API names only an Origin ("Debian", "Proxmox"), the same for the
+main and the security archive. ``apt list --upgradable`` over the exec path
+names the suite (``trixie-security``), so that is read first; the API remains
+the fallback, with the security status left unknown. A reader that cannot read
+raises: an empty list would tell netOrk that nothing is pending.
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from unittest.mock import MagicMock, patch
+
+import pytest
+from napalm_device_types import HostStatusMixin
+from napalm_device_types.host_status import HOST_STATUS_COMMAND
+from napalm_device_types.package_updates import APT_UPGRADABLE_COMMAND
+
+from napalm_proxmox.driver import ProxmoxDriver
+
+APT = (
+    "libssl3t64/stable-security 3.5.1-1+deb13u2 amd64 [upgradable from: 3.5.1-1+deb13u1]\n"
+    "ceph-common/stable 20.2.4-pve5 amd64 [upgradable from: 20.2.4-pve4]\n"
+)
+API_ENTRY = {
+    "Package": "librados2",
+    "OldVersion": "20.2.4-pve4",
+    "Version": "20.2.4-pve5",
+    "Origin": "Proxmox",
+}
+
+
+def _api_updates(driver, entries=None, error=None):
+    api = MagicMock()
+    getter = api.nodes.return_value.apt.update.get
+    if error:
+        getter.side_effect = error
+    else:
+        getter.return_value = entries or []
+    driver._api = api
+    return api
+
+
+class TestAvailableUpdates:
+    def test_apt_over_the_exec_path_names_the_suite(self, driver):
+        with patch.object(driver, "_exec_ssh_command", return_value=APT + "__APT_RC=0\n") as exec_:
+            updates = {u["name"]: u for u in driver.get_available_updates()}
+
+        exec_.assert_called_once_with(APT_UPGRADABLE_COMMAND)
+        assert updates["libssl3t64"]["security"] is True
+        assert updates["ceph-common"]["security"] is False
+        assert updates["ceph-common"]["origin"] == "stable"
+
+    def test_the_api_is_the_fallback_with_security_unknown(self, driver):
+        _api_updates(driver, [API_ENTRY])
+        with patch.object(driver, "_exec_ssh_command", return_value=""):
+            updates = driver.get_available_updates()
+
+        assert updates == [
+            {
+                "name": "librados2",
+                "current_version": "20.2.4-pve4",
+                "new_version": "20.2.4-pve5",
+                "origin": "Proxmox",
+                "security": None,
+            }
+        ]
+
+    def test_a_failed_apt_falls_back_too(self, driver):
+        _api_updates(driver, [API_ENTRY])
+        with patch.object(driver, "_exec_ssh_command", return_value="E: lock\n__APT_RC=100\n"):
+            assert [u["name"] for u in driver.get_available_updates()] == ["librados2"]
+
+    def test_nothing_readable_raises_instead_of_reporting_nothing(self, driver):
+        _api_updates(driver, error=RuntimeError("API timeout"))
+        with patch.object(driver, "_exec_ssh_command", return_value=""):
+            with pytest.raises(RuntimeError):
+                driver.get_available_updates()
+
+    def test_nothing_pending_is_an_empty_list(self, driver):
+        with patch.object(driver, "_exec_ssh_command", return_value="__APT_RC=0\n"):
+            assert driver.get_available_updates() == []
+
+
+class TestRefresh:
+    def test_the_node_refreshes_its_index_through_the_api(self, driver):
+        api = _api_updates(driver)
+        api.nodes.return_value.apt.update.post.return_value = "UPID:pve1:0001"
+
+        result = driver.refresh_available_updates()
+
+        assert result["success"] is True
+        api.nodes.return_value.apt.update.post.assert_called_once()
+
+    def test_a_refused_refresh_says_why(self, driver):
+        api = _api_updates(driver)
+        api.nodes.return_value.apt.update.post.side_effect = RuntimeError(
+            "403 Permission check failed"
+        )
+
+        result = driver.refresh_available_updates()
+
+        assert result == {"success": False, "output": "403 Permission check failed"}
+
+
+class TestHostStatus:
+    def test_the_node_is_read_over_the_exec_path(self, driver):
+        report = (
+            "HSTAT_BEGIN\n[kernel]\n7.0.14-19-pve\n[modules]\n7.0.14-19-pve\n7.0.2-6-pve\n"
+            "[timers]\napt-daily-upgrade.timer enabled\nHSTAT_END\n"
+        )
+        with patch.object(driver, "_exec_ssh_command", return_value=report) as exec_:
+            status = driver.get_host_status()
+
+        exec_.assert_called_once_with(HOST_STATUS_COMMAND)
+        assert status["reboot_required"] is False
+
+    def test_the_driver_declares_the_contract(self):
+        assert issubclass(ProxmoxDriver, HostStatusMixin)

tests/test_utils.py

@@ -2,7 +2,6 @@
 
 from __future__ import annotations
 
-import pytest
 from napalm_proxmox import utils
 
 

tests/test_vm_cpu_types.py

@@ -0,0 +1,153 @@
+"""Which virtual CPU model a new VM gets.
+
+Created without a ``cpu`` argument, a Proxmox VM falls back to ``kvm64``:
+no AVX, no AES-NI. MongoDB 5.0 and later will not even start on it, which is
+how a Graylog provisioned through netOrk failed (netOrk#494). The driver now
+always names a model, defaulting to ``x86-64-v2-AES`` as the Proxmox GUI does,
+and lists the alternatives with what each needs from the node's CPU.
+
+The flag sets below are trimmed from real ``/nodes/{node}/status`` answers in a
+mixed cluster: a Celeron J3455 (no AVX at all) and an i7-7700 (AVX2).
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from unittest.mock import MagicMock, patch
+
+import pytest
+
+from napalm_proxmox.vm_provision_mixin import ProxmoxVMProvisionMixin
+
+CELERON_J3455 = (
+    "fpu vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic sep mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush "
+    "mmx fxsr sse sse2 ss ht syscall nx pdpe1gb rdtscp lm constant_tsc pni pclmulqdq "
+    "ssse3 cx16 sse4_1 sse4_2 x2apic movbe popcnt aes rdrand lahf_lm 3dnowprefetch "
+    "erms mpx rdseed smap clflushopt sha_ni xsaveopt xsavec xgetbv1"
+)
+CORE_I7_7700 = (
+    "fpu vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic sep mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush "
+    "mmx fxsr sse sse2 ss ht syscall nx pdpe1gb rdtscp lm constant_tsc pni pclmulqdq "
+    "ssse3 fma cx16 sse4_1 sse4_2 x2apic movbe popcnt aes xsave avx f16c rdrand "
+    "lahf_lm abm 3dnowprefetch fsgsbase bmi1 hle avx2 smep bmi2 erms invpcid rtm mpx "
+    "rdseed adx smap clflushopt xsaveopt xsavec xgetbv1 xsaves"
+)
+
+
+def _mixin_on(flags: str) -> tuple[ProxmoxVMProvisionMixin, MagicMock, MagicMock]:
+    """A mixin whose node reports `flags` and that can run a full create."""
+    mixin = ProxmoxVMProvisionMixin()
+    mixin._node_name = "pve1"
+
+    api = MagicMock()
+    api.cluster.nextid.get.return_value = 120
+    api.storage.return_value.get.return_value = {"path": "/var/lib/vz"}
+
+    node = MagicMock()
+    node.status.get.return_value = {"cpuinfo": {"model": "test", "flags": flags}}
+    node.storage.get.return_value = [
+        {"storage": "local-lvm", "type": "lvmthin", "content": "images,rootdir", "enabled": 1},
+        {"storage": "snippets", "type": "dir", "content": "snippets", "enabled": 1},
+    ]
+    vm = MagicMock()
+    vm.config.get.return_value = {
+        "unused0": "local-lvm:vm-120-disk-0",
+        "scsi0": "local-lvm:vm-120-disk-0",
+    }
+    vm.status.start.post.return_value = "UPID:pve1:1:start"
+    node.qemu.return_value = vm
+    task = MagicMock()
+    task.status.get.return_value = {"status": "stopped", "exitstatus": "OK"}
+    node.tasks.return_value = task
+
+    mixin._api = api
+    mixin._node_api = MagicMock(return_value=node)
+    mixin._download_cloud_image = MagicMock(return_value="/var/lib/vz/template/x.qcow2")
+    mixin._run_node_command = MagicMock(return_value="")
+    return mixin, api, node
+
+
+def _create(mixin: ProxmoxVMProvisionMixin, **kwargs):
+    with patch("time.sleep"):
+        return mixin.create_vm_from_cloud_init(
+            name="graylog-01",
+            image_url="https://cloud-images.ubuntu.com/noble/current/noble-server-cloudimg-amd64.img",
+            cpu=2,
+            memory=4096,
+            nics=[{"bridge": "vmbr0"}],
+            cloud_init_config={"hostname": "graylog-01"},
+            **kwargs,
+        )
+
+
+def _by_name(types):
+    return {t["name"]: t for t in types}
+
+
+class TestListing:
+    def test_offers_the_three_models_in_order(self):
+        mixin, _, _ = _mixin_on(CORE_I7_7700)
+        assert [t["name"] for t in mixin.get_vm_cpu_types()] == [
+            "x86-64-v2-AES",
+            "x86-64-v3",
+            "host",
+        ]
+
+    def test_exactly_one_default_and_it_is_what_the_gui_uses(self):
+        mixin, _, _ = _mixin_on(CORE_I7_7700)
+        defaults = [t["name"] for t in mixin.get_vm_cpu_types() if t["default"]]
+        assert defaults == ["x86-64-v2-AES"]
+
+    def test_v3_gives_avx_and_runs_on_a_core_i7(self):
+        mixin, _, _ = _mixin_on(CORE_I7_7700)
+        v3 = _by_name(mixin.get_vm_cpu_types())["x86-64-v3"]
+        assert v3["available"] is True
+        assert {"avx", "avx2"} <= set(v3["features"])
+
+    def test_v3_is_unavailable_on_a_celeron_without_avx(self):
+        mixin, _, _ = _mixin_on(CELERON_J3455)
+        types = _by_name(mixin.get_vm_cpu_types())
+        assert types["x86-64-v3"]["available"] is False
+        assert types["x86-64-v2-AES"]["available"] is True
+
+    def test_v2_aes_has_no_avx(self):
+        mixin, _, _ = _mixin_on(CORE_I7_7700)
+        assert "avx" not in _by_name(mixin.get_vm_cpu_types())["x86-64-v2-AES"]["features"]
+
+    def test_host_passes_the_nodes_own_flags_through(self):
+        """On a CPU without AVX, `host` gives none either -- a role that needs
+        AVX must not be told `host` would help there."""
+        mixin, _, _ = _mixin_on(CELERON_J3455)
+        host = _by_name(mixin.get_vm_cpu_types())["host"]
+        assert host["available"] is True
+        assert "avx" not in host["features"]
+        assert "aes" in host["features"]
+
+    def test_every_entry_explains_itself(self):
+        mixin, _, _ = _mixin_on(CORE_I7_7700)
+        assert all(t["description"] for t in mixin.get_vm_cpu_types())
+
+
+class TestCreate:
+    def test_names_the_default_model_instead_of_leaving_kvm64(self):
+        mixin, _, node = _mixin_on(CORE_I7_7700)
+        _create(mixin)
+        assert node.qemu.post.call_args[1]["cpu"] == "x86-64-v2-AES"
+
+    def test_passes_a_chosen_model_through(self):
+        mixin, _, node = _mixin_on(CORE_I7_7700)
+        _create(mixin, cpu_type="host")
+        assert node.qemu.post.call_args[1]["cpu"] == "host"
+
+    def test_refuses_a_model_the_node_cannot_run_before_creating_anything(self):
+        mixin, api, node = _mixin_on(CELERON_J3455)
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="avx"):
+            _create(mixin, cpu_type="x86-64-v3")
+        api.cluster.nextid.get.assert_not_called()
+        node.qemu.post.assert_not_called()
+
+    def test_refuses_an_unknown_model_before_creating_anything(self):
+        mixin, api, node = _mixin_on(CORE_I7_7700)
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="kvm64"):
+            _create(mixin, cpu_type="kvm64")
+        api.cluster.nextid.get.assert_not_called()
+        node.qemu.post.assert_not_called()

tests/test_vm_guest_os.py

@@ -0,0 +1,276 @@
+"""Provisioning guests other than Linux: FreeBSD and OpenBSD (NetOrk/netork#794).
+
+What each guest needs was found on FreeBSD 15.1 and OpenBSD 7.9 cloud images
+(NetOrk/netork#793).
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import base64
+from unittest.mock import MagicMock, patch
+
+import pytest
+import yaml
+from napalm_device_types.provisioning import QEMU_GUEST_AGENTS
+
+from napalm_proxmox.driver import ProxmoxDriver
+from napalm_proxmox.vm_provision_mixin import ProxmoxVMProvisionMixin
+
+_FREEBSD_URL = (
+    "https://download.freebsd.org/releases/VM-IMAGES/15.1-RELEASE/amd64/Latest/"
+    "FreeBSD-15.1-RELEASE-amd64-BASIC-CLOUDINIT-ufs.qcow2.xz"
+)
+_DEBIAN_URL = (
+    "https://cloud.debian.org/images/cloud/trixie/latest/debian-13-genericcloud-amd64.qcow2"
+)
+
+
+def _mixin(net0: str = "virtio=BC:24:11:AA:BB:02,bridge=vmbr0") -> tuple:
+    """A mixin whose node answers like Proxmox; the VM config carries *net0*."""
+    mixin = ProxmoxVMProvisionMixin()
+    mixin._node_name = "pve1"
+    api = MagicMock()
+    api.cluster.nextid.get.return_value = 101
+    api.storage.return_value.get.return_value = {"path": "/var/lib/vz"}
+    node = MagicMock()
+    node.storage.get.return_value = [
+        {"storage": "local-lvm", "type": "lvmthin", "content": "images,rootdir", "enabled": 1},
+        {"storage": "local", "type": "dir", "content": "snippets,iso", "enabled": 1},
+    ]
+    vm = MagicMock()
+    node.qemu.return_value = vm
+    vm.config.get.return_value = {"unused0": "local-lvm:vm-101-disk-0", "net0": net0}
+    vm.status.start.post.return_value = "UPID:pve1:start"
+    node.tasks.return_value.status.get.return_value = {"status": "stopped", "exitstatus": "OK"}
+    mixin._api = api
+    mixin._node_api = MagicMock(return_value=node)
+    mixin._download_cloud_image = MagicMock(
+        return_value="/var/lib/vz/template/netork-images/x.qcow2"
+    )
+    mixin._run_node_command = MagicMock(return_value="")
+    return mixin, node, vm
+
+
+def _create(mixin, guest_os: str, image_url: str = _DEBIAN_URL, **kwargs):
+    with patch("time.sleep"):
+        return mixin.create_vm_from_cloud_init(
+            name="bsd-vm",
+            image_url=image_url,
+            cpu=2,
+            memory=2048,
+            nics=[{"bridge": "vmbr0"}],
+            cloud_init_config={"hostname": "bsd-vm"},
+            guest_os=guest_os,
+            **kwargs,
+        )
+
+
+def _all_config_posts(vm) -> dict:
+    merged: dict = {}
+    for call in vm.config.post.call_args_list:
+        merged.update(call.kwargs)
+    return merged
+
+
+def _written_snippet(mixin, name: str) -> str | None:
+    """The content of the snippet *name* the driver wrote over SSH, if any."""
+    for call in mixin._run_node_command.call_args_list:
+        command = call.args[0]
+        if f"snippets/{name}" in command and "base64 -d" in command:
+            encoded = command.split("echo ", 1)[1].split(" |", 1)[0]
+            return base64.b64decode(encoded).decode()
+    return None
+
+
+class TestWhichGuestsProxmoxProvisions:
+    def test_all_qemu_guests(self):
+        assert ProxmoxDriver.GUEST_AGENTS == QEMU_GUEST_AGENTS
+
+    def test_an_unknown_guest_is_refused_before_anything_is_created(self):
+        mixin, node, _ = _mixin()
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="windows"):
+            _create(mixin, "windows")
+        mixin._api.cluster.nextid.get.assert_not_called()
+        node.qemu.post.assert_not_called()
+
+
+class TestVmShellPerGuest:
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
+        ("guest_os", "ostype"), [("linux", "l26"), ("freebsd", "other"), ("openbsd", "other")]
+    )
+    def test_ostype(self, guest_os, ostype):
+        mixin, node, _ = _mixin()
+        _create(mixin, guest_os)
+        assert node.qemu.post.call_args.kwargs["ostype"] == ostype
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("guest_os", ["linux", "freebsd"])
+    def test_agent_over_virtio_serial(self, guest_os):
+        mixin, node, _ = _mixin()
+        _create(mixin, guest_os)
+        shell = node.qemu.post.call_args.kwargs
+        assert shell["agent"] == "1"
+        assert "serial0" not in shell
+
+    def test_openbsd_agent_on_the_second_isa_serial_port(self):
+        """OpenBSD's qemu-ga cannot use virtio-serial, and the image keeps its
+        console on com0: the agent only answers as cua01, behind serial0."""
+        mixin, node, _ = _mixin()
+        _create(mixin, "openbsd")
+        shell = node.qemu.post.call_args.kwargs
+        assert shell["agent"] == "1,type=isa"
+        assert shell["serial0"] == "socket"
+
+
+class TestNetworkConfigPerGuest:
+    def test_linux_keeps_proxmoxs_own_network_config(self):
+        mixin, _, vm = _mixin()
+        _create(mixin, "linux")
+        config = _all_config_posts(vm)
+        assert config["cicustom"] == "user=local:snippets/101-user-data.yaml"
+        assert config["ipconfig0"] == "ip=dhcp"
+        assert _written_snippet(mixin, "101-network-config.yaml") is None
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("guest_os", ["freebsd", "openbsd"])
+    def test_a_bsd_guest_gets_a_v2_network_config_matched_by_its_mac(self, guest_os):
+        """FreeBSD's nuageinit fails on the v1 Proxmox writes and then skips
+        runcmd, which is what starts the guest agent."""
+        mixin, _, vm = _mixin(net0="virtio=BC:24:11:AA:BB:02,bridge=vmbr0")
+        _create(mixin, guest_os)
+        config = _all_config_posts(vm)
+        assert config["cicustom"] == (
+            "user=local:snippets/101-user-data.yaml,network=local:snippets/101-network-config.yaml"
+        )
+        assert yaml.safe_load(_written_snippet(mixin, "101-network-config.yaml")) == {
+            "version": 2,
+            "ethernets": {"nic0": {"match": {"macaddress": "bc:24:11:aa:bb:02"}, "dhcp4": True}},
+        }
+
+
+class TestPackedImages:
+    """Proxmox's download-url unpacks ISOs only, so a packed image goes over SSH."""
+
+    def test_an_xz_image_is_unpacked_on_the_node_and_the_unpacked_file_imported(self):
+        mixin, _, _ = _mixin()
+        mixin._run_node_command = MagicMock(
+            side_effect=lambda cmd, timeout: "MISSING" if "test -f" in cmd else ""
+        )
+        mixin._download_cloud_image = MagicMock(
+            return_value="/var/lib/vz/template/netork-images/k-FreeBSD-15.1-ufs.qcow2.xz"
+        )
+        _create(mixin, "freebsd", image_url=_FREEBSD_URL, image_checksum="sha256:abc")
+
+        mixin._download_cloud_image.assert_called_once()
+        assert mixin._download_cloud_image.call_args.args[1] == "sha256:abc"  # the .xz is verified
+        commands = [c.args[0] for c in mixin._run_node_command.call_args_list]
+        unpack = next(c for c in commands if c.startswith("xz -dc "))
+        assert "k-FreeBSD-15.1-ufs.qcow2.xz" in unpack
+        importdisk = next(c for c in commands if c.startswith("qm importdisk"))
+        assert ".qcow2.xz" not in importdisk
+        assert ".qcow2 " in importdisk
+
+    def test_an_unpacked_image_already_on_the_node_is_not_downloaded_again(self):
+        mixin, _, _ = _mixin()
+        mixin._run_node_command = MagicMock(
+            side_effect=lambda cmd, timeout: "EXISTS" if "test -f" in cmd else ""
+        )
+        _create(mixin, "freebsd", image_url=_FREEBSD_URL)
+
+        mixin._download_cloud_image.assert_not_called()
+        commands = [c.args[0] for c in mixin._run_node_command.call_args_list]
+        assert not any(c.startswith("xz -dc ") for c in commands)
+
+    def test_a_packed_image_never_goes_through_an_import_storage(self):
+        mixin, node, _ = _mixin()
+        node.storage.get.return_value = [
+            {"storage": "local-lvm", "content": "images,rootdir", "enabled": 1},
+            {"storage": "local", "content": "snippets,import", "enabled": 1},
+        ]
+        mixin._run_node_command = MagicMock(
+            side_effect=lambda cmd, timeout: "MISSING" if "test -f" in cmd else ""
+        )
+        _create(mixin, "freebsd", image_url=_FREEBSD_URL)
+        # storage(name)("download-url").post(...) is the import-storage download.
+        node.storage.return_value.return_value.post.assert_not_called()
+        mixin._download_cloud_image.assert_called_once()
+
+
+class TestLoopbackIsNeverTheVmsAddress:
+    """OpenBSD's agent lists lo0 first (#793); Linux names it lo."""
+
+    def _status(self, interfaces: list) -> dict:
+        mixin = ProxmoxVMProvisionMixin()
+        node = MagicMock()
+        mixin._node_api = MagicMock(return_value=node)
+        node.qemu.return_value.config.get.return_value = {"net0": "virtio,bridge=vmbr0"}
+        node.qemu.return_value.agent.return_value.get.return_value = {"result": interfaces}
+        with patch("time.sleep"):
+            return mixin.get_vm_status("101", wait_for_ip=True, timeout=30, poll_interval=1)
+
+    def test_openbsd_answer(self):
+        """The raw answer of OpenBSD 7.9's qemu-ga, from the spike."""
+        result = self._status(
+            [
+                {
+                    "name": "lo0",
+                    "ip-addresses": [
+                        {"ip-address-type": "ipv6", "ip-address": "::1", "prefix": 128},
+                        {"ip-address-type": "ipv6", "ip-address": "fe80:3::1", "prefix": 64},
+                        {"ip-address-type": "ipv4", "ip-address": "127.0.0.1", "prefix": 8},
+                    ],
+                    "hardware-address": "00:00:00:00:00:00",
+                },
+                {
+                    "name": "vio0",
+                    "ip-addresses": [
+                        {"ip-address-type": "ipv4", "ip-address": "10.0.2.15", "prefix": 24}
+                    ],
+                    "hardware-address": "bc:24:11:aa:bb:04",
+                },
+                {"name": "enc0", "hardware-address": "00:00:00:00:00:00"},
+                {"name": "pflog0", "hardware-address": "00:00:00:00:00:00"},
+            ]
+        )
+        assert result["ip_address"] == "10.0.2.15"
+        assert result["mac_address"] == "bc:24:11:aa:bb:04"
+
+    def test_any_loopback_address_is_skipped_whatever_the_interface_is_called(self):
+        result = self._status(
+            [
+                {
+                    "name": "lo1",
+                    "ip-addresses": [{"ip-address-type": "ipv4", "ip-address": "127.0.0.2"}],
+                },
+                {
+                    "name": "vtnet0",
+                    "ip-addresses": [{"ip-address-type": "ipv4", "ip-address": "10.0.0.5"}],
+                },
+            ]
+        )
+        assert result["ip_address"] == "10.0.0.5"
+
+
+class TestDestroyRemovesEverySnippet:
+    def test_user_and_network_snippets_are_read_before_the_vm_is_deleted(self):
+        """After the delete the config is gone, and the snippets stayed behind
+        (napalm-proxmox#15)."""
+        mixin = ProxmoxVMProvisionMixin()
+        node = MagicMock()
+        mixin._node_api = MagicMock(return_value=node)
+        vm = node.qemu.return_value
+        order: list[str] = []
+        vm.config.get.side_effect = lambda: (
+            order.append("config")
+            or {
+                "cicustom": "user=local:snippets/101-user-data.yaml,"
+                "network=local:snippets/101-network-config.yaml"
+            }
+        )
+        vm.delete.side_effect = lambda **kw: order.append("delete")
+        node.tasks.return_value.status.get.return_value = {"status": "stopped", "exitstatus": "OK"}
+
+        with patch("time.sleep"):
+            mixin.destroy_vm("101")
+
+        assert order.index("config") < order.index("delete")
+        deleted = [c.args[0] for c in node.storage.return_value.content.call_args_list]
+        assert deleted == ["snippets/101-user-data.yaml", "snippets/101-network-config.yaml"]

tests/test_vm_provision_mixin.py

@@ -3,12 +3,11 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 import base64
+from unittest.mock import MagicMock, patch
 
 import pytest
-from unittest.mock import MagicMock, patch
-from napalm_proxmox.driver import ProxmoxDriver
-from napalm_proxmox.vm_provision_mixin import ProxmoxVMProvisionMixin
 
+from napalm_proxmox.vm_provision_mixin import ProxmoxVMProvisionMixin
 
 # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Tests
@@ -459,7 +458,13 @@ def test_destroy_vm_success():
 
 
 def test_destroy_vm_already_stopped():
-    """destroy_vm succeeds even if VM already stopped."""
+    """destroy_vm succeeds even if VM already stopped.
+
+    Proxmox refuses to stop a VM that is not running, so the stop call raises.
+    (A bare MagicMock as the stop task never reports "stopped": _wait_for_task
+    then spun for the full timeout with sleep patched out, and every recorded
+    mock call made the test take 60 s and several GB, enough for CI to kill it.)
+    """
     mixin = ProxmoxVMProvisionMixin()
 
     mock_node = MagicMock()
@@ -468,6 +473,7 @@ def test_destroy_vm_already_stopped():
     # Mock VM operations
     mock_vm = MagicMock()
     mock_node.qemu.return_value = mock_vm
+    mock_vm.status.stop.post.side_effect = Exception("VM 101 not running")
     mock_vm.config.get.return_value = {}
     mock_vm.delete.return_value = None
 
@@ -609,8 +615,9 @@ def _mock_ssh_exec(exit_status: int, stdout_text: str = "", stderr_text: str = "
 
 def test_run_node_command_success_returns_stdout():
     mixin = ProxmoxVMProvisionMixin()
-    mixin._ssh_client = MagicMock()
-    mixin._ssh_client.exec_command.return_value = _mock_ssh_exec(0, stdout_text="hello\n")
+    ssh = MagicMock()
+    ssh.exec_command.return_value = _mock_ssh_exec(0, stdout_text="hello\n")
+    mixin._node_ssh = MagicMock(return_value=ssh)  # the driver's verified session
 
     result = mixin._run_node_command("echo hello", timeout=10)
 
@@ -619,10 +626,9 @@ def test_run_node_command_success_returns_stdout():
 
 def test_run_node_command_nonzero_exit_raises():
     mixin = ProxmoxVMProvisionMixin()
-    mixin._ssh_client = MagicMock()
-    mixin._ssh_client.exec_command.return_value = _mock_ssh_exec(
-        1, stderr_text="No such file or directory"
-    )
+    ssh = MagicMock()
+    ssh.exec_command.return_value = _mock_ssh_exec(1, stderr_text="No such file or directory")
+    mixin._node_ssh = MagicMock(return_value=ssh)
 
     with pytest.raises(RuntimeError, match="No such file or directory"):
         mixin._run_node_command("cat /nonexistent", timeout=10)