fix(ssh): verify the host key netOrk expects, report the one seen (NetOrk/netork#1167)

The driver accepted any SSH host key. It now verifies through
napalm-device-types' HostKeyCheck (>= 4.19.0): with a known key in
optional_args["ssh_host_keys"] any other key is refused before login, and
every key seen is reported to optional_args["ssh_host_key_observer"].
Without either argument it connects as before (first use).

napalm_netgear/netgear_smart.py

@@ -46,6 +46,7 @@ from napalm.base.exceptions import (
     ReplaceConfigException,
 )
 from napalm.base.netmiko_helpers import netmiko_args
+from napalm_device_types.ssh_host_keys import HostKeyCheck, SshHostKeyMismatch
 import napalm.base.constants as C
 
 
@@ -126,6 +127,8 @@ class NetgearSmartDriver(ConfigLifecycleMixin, SnmpAgentMixin, SwitchDriver):
         optional_args.setdefault("banner_timeout", 20)
 
         self.netmiko_optional_args = netmiko_args(optional_args)
+        # The host key to expect, and where the one seen is reported (netork#1167).
+        self._host_key = HostKeyCheck(optional_args, hostname, self.port)
 
         # Config management state
         self._candidate_config: Optional[str] = None
@@ -146,16 +149,20 @@ class NetgearSmartDriver(ConfigLifecycleMixin, SnmpAgentMixin, SwitchDriver):
     def open(self) -> None:
         """Open an SSH connection to the device."""
         try:
-            self.device = ConnectHandler(
-                device_type=self.NETMIKO_DEVICE_TYPE,
-                host=self.hostname,
-                username=self.username,
-                password=self.password,
-                timeout=self.timeout,
-                **self.netmiko_optional_args,
-            )
+            with self._host_key.netmiko(self.netmiko_optional_args) as netmiko_kwargs:
+                self.device = ConnectHandler(
+                    device_type=self.NETMIKO_DEVICE_TYPE,
+                    host=self.hostname,
+                    username=self.username,
+                    password=self.password,
+                    timeout=self.timeout,
+                    **netmiko_kwargs,
+                )
+            self._host_key.observe(self.device.remote_conn_pre.get_transport())
             if not self.force_no_enable:
                 self.device.enable()
+        except SshHostKeyMismatch:
+            raise  # refused before the login; nothing was sent
         except NetmikoTimeoutException as exc:
             raise ConnectionException(f"Cannot connect to {self.hostname}: {exc}") from exc
         except NetmikoAuthenticationException as exc:

pyproject.toml

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ build-backend = "setuptools.build_meta"
 
 [project]
 name = "napalm-netgear"
-version = "0.4.0"
+version = "0.5.0"
 description = "NAPALM driver for Netgear switches (Plus/Smart)"
 readme = "README.md"
 license = { text = "Apache-2.0" }
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ classifiers = [
 ]
 dependencies = [
     "napalm>=4.0.0",
-    "napalm-device-types>=4.16.0",
+    "napalm-device-types>=4.19.0",
     "netmiko>=4.0.0",
     "paramiko>=5.0.0",  # CVE-2026-44405
     "netaddr",

tests/unit/test_ssh_host_key.py

@@ -0,0 +1,84 @@
+"""open() hands netmiko the host key to expect, and reports the one it saw (NetOrk/netork#1167)."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import os
+from unittest.mock import MagicMock, patch
+
+import paramiko
+import pytest
+from napalm_device_types.ssh_host_keys import (
+    KNOWN_KEYS_ARG,
+    OBSERVER_ARG,
+    SshHostKey,
+    SshHostKeyMismatch,
+)
+from netmiko.exceptions import NetmikoTimeoutException
+
+from napalm_netgear.netgear_smart import NetgearSmartDriver
+
+SERVER_KEY = paramiko.ECDSAKey.generate()
+OTHER_KEY = paramiko.ECDSAKey.generate()
+HANDLER = "napalm_netgear.netgear_smart.ConnectHandler"
+
+
+def _device() -> MagicMock:
+    device = MagicMock()
+    device.remote_conn_pre.get_transport.return_value.get_remote_server_key.return_value = SERVER_KEY
+    return device
+
+
+def _driver(seen: list, known: SshHostKey | None = None) -> NetgearSmartDriver:
+    args: dict = {"port": 2222, OBSERVER_ARG: seen.append}
+    if known is not None:
+        args[KNOWN_KEYS_ARG] = {"2222": known.as_dict()}
+    return NetgearSmartDriver("10.0.0.8", "admin", "s3cret", optional_args=args)
+
+
+def test_first_use_lets_netmiko_accept_and_reports_the_key():
+    seen: list = []
+    with patch(HANDLER, return_value=_device()) as handler:
+        _driver(seen).open()
+    kwargs = handler.call_args.kwargs
+    assert kwargs["ssh_strict"] is False
+    assert kwargs["alt_host_keys"] is False
+    assert kwargs["system_host_keys"] is False
+    assert kwargs["port"] == 2222
+    assert seen[0]["accepted"] is True
+    assert seen[0]["seen"]["fingerprint"] == SshHostKey.of(SERVER_KEY).fingerprint
+    assert (seen[0]["host"], seen[0]["port"]) == ("10.0.0.8", 2222)
+
+
+def test_a_known_key_is_the_only_one_netmiko_accepts():
+    seen: list = []
+    known = SshHostKey.of(SERVER_KEY)
+    files: list[str] = []
+
+    def connect(**kwargs):
+        files.append(kwargs["alt_key_file"])
+        with open(kwargs["alt_key_file"]) as f:
+            assert f.read().strip() == known.known_hosts_line("10.0.0.8", 2222)
+        assert kwargs["ssh_strict"] is True and kwargs["alt_host_keys"] is True
+        return _device()
+
+    with patch(HANDLER, side_effect=connect):
+        _driver(seen, known).open()
+    assert not os.path.exists(files[0])
+    assert seen[0]["accepted"] is True
+
+
+def test_a_changed_key_is_refused():
+    seen: list = []
+
+    def refuse(**kwargs):
+        try:
+            raise paramiko.BadHostKeyException("10.0.0.8", SERVER_KEY, OTHER_KEY)
+        except paramiko.SSHException as exc:  # what netmiko does with it
+            raise NetmikoTimeoutException(f"A paramiko SSHException occurred: {exc}")
+
+    driver = _driver(seen, SshHostKey.of(OTHER_KEY))
+    with patch(HANDLER, side_effect=refuse):
+        with pytest.raises(SshHostKeyMismatch):
+            driver.open()
+    assert driver.device is None
+    assert seen[0]["accepted"] is False