.gitea/workflows/ci.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+name: CI
+
+on:
+  push:
+    branches: [main, master]
+    tags: ["v*"]
+  pull_request:
+
+jobs:
+  driver:
+    uses: NAPALM/driver-standard/.gitea/workflows/driver.yml@main
+    with:
+      standard-ref: main
+      # Until napalm-device-types 4.22.0 (AptProxyMixin, #53) is on PyPI.
+      pre-install: "git+https://git.netork.io/NAPALM/napalm-device-types.git"
+    secrets:
+      PYPI_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.PYPI_TOKEN }}

.github/workflows/ci.yml

@@ -1,48 +0,0 @@
-name: CI
-
-on:
-  push:
-    branches: ["**"]
-  pull_request:
-    branches: ["**"]
-
-jobs:
-  test:
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    strategy:
-      fail-fast: false
-      matrix:
-        python-version: ["3.10", "3.11", "3.12"]
-    steps:
-      - name: Checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@v4
-
-      - name: Setup Python
-        uses: actions/setup-python@v5
-        with:
-          python-version: ${{ matrix.python-version }}
-          cache: pip
-
-      - name: Install package with dev extras
-        run: |
-          python -m pip install --upgrade pip
-          # napalm-device-types lives in git.netork.io/NAPALM, not on PyPI: without this
-          # pip looks there, finds an unrelated 0.1.0 and the job dies before any test.
-          python -m pip install "napalm-device-types @ git+https://git.netork.io/NAPALM/napalm-device-types.git"
-          python -m pip install -e ".[dev]"
-
-      - name: Run unit tests
-        run: |
-          python -m pytest -q --tb=short
-
-      - name: Build wheel and sdist
-        run: |
-          python -m pip install build
-          python -m build
-
-      - name: Upload dist artifacts
-        # v4 refuses to run on Gitea ("not currently supported on GHES").
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v3
-        with:
-          name: dist-${{ matrix.python-version }}
-          path: dist/*

CHANGELOG.md

@@ -7,6 +7,21 @@ and this project adheres to [Semantic Versioning](https://semver.org/spec/v2.0.0
 
 ## [Unreleased]
 
+## [0.15.0] - 2026-10-23
+
+The first release on PyPI. It collects everything since 0.4.0, which was the last version recorded here.
+
+### Changed
+- The driver follows the NAPALM driver standard
+  (https://git.netork.io/NAPALM/driver-standard): CI on Gitea runs ruff, mypy, the
+  tests on Python 3.10–3.13 and at the lowest declared versions, bandit, pip-audit and
+  a build check, and a release tag publishes to PyPI. The package now ships `py.typed`
+  and a LICENSE file. **Python 3.9 is no longer supported**; napalm-device-types never
+  ran on it.
+- Exceptions the driver deliberately ignores (the PTY width at login, closing a dead
+  session, unreadable route lines, the snmpd.conf community and port) are now logged
+  at debug level.
+
 ### Added
 - apt's proxy through napalm-device-types' `AptProxyMixin` (NetOrk/netork#1397). `get_package_proxy()` is what `apt-config dump` says, not `00proxy` alone: a proxy in `90curtin-aptproxy` or `/etc/apt/apt.conf` wins over it, and was missed. New: `get_package_proxy_report()` (every line that sets it, per-host overrides, the https sources) and `check_package_proxy(url, expect)` (a fetch with `apt-helper`, past any proxy). `configure_package_proxy(url)` now also comments out other proxy lines, reads the result back and fetches one `InRelease` through the proxy; it fails when apt still fetches elsewhere. Reads run on the exec channel. Requires napalm-device-types 4.22.0; version 0.14.0.
 - `get_host_firewall()` (napalm-device-types' `HostFirewallMixin`, NetOrk/netork#1344): the host's own netfilter rules — `nft -j list ruleset`, with the tables iptables manages taken from `iptables-save` — as chains and rules in one shape. Read-only, as root, on an exec channel (the nft JSON is one long line). Requires napalm-device-types 4.21.0; version 0.13.0.

LICENSE

@@ -0,0 +1,191 @@
+                                 Apache License
+                           Version 2.0, January 2004
+                        http://www.apache.org/licenses/
+
+   TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR USE, REPRODUCTION, AND DISTRIBUTION
+
+   1. Definitions.
+
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+      and distribution as defined by Sections 1 through 9 of this document.
+
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+
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+      other entities that control, are controlled by, or are under common
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+      direction or management of such entity, whether by contract or
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+      outstanding shares, or (iii) beneficial ownership of such entity.
+
+      "You" (or "Your") shall mean an individual or Legal Entity
+      exercising permissions granted by this License.
+
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+
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+
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+
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+          that such additional attribution notices cannot be construed
+          as modifying the License.
+
+      You may add Your own license statement for Your modifications and
+      may provide additional grant of rights to use, copy, modify, merge,
+      publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Work,
+      and to permit persons to whom the Work is furnished to do so,
+      subject to the following conditions:
+
+   5. Submission of Contributions. Unless You explicitly state otherwise,
+      any Contribution intentionally submitted for inclusion in the Work
+      by You to the Licensor shall be under the terms and conditions of
+      this License, without any additional terms or conditions.
+      Notwithstanding the above, nothing herein shall supersede or modify
+      the terms of any separate license agreement you may have executed
+      with Licensor regarding such Contributions.
+
+   6. Trademarks. This License does not grant permission to use the trade
+      names, trademarks, service marks, or product names of the Licensor,
+      except as required for reasonable and customary use in describing the
+      origin of the Work and reproducing the content of the NOTICE file.
+
+   7. Disclaimer of Warranty. Unless required by applicable law or
+      agreed to in writing, Licensor provides the Work (and each
+      Contributor provides its Contributions) on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+      WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or
+      implied, including, without limitation, any conditions of TITLE,
+      MERCHANTIBILITY, or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
+      See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+      limitations under the License.
+
+   8. Limitation of Liability. In no event and under no legal theory,
+      whether in tort (including negligence), contract, or otherwise,
+      unless required by applicable law (such as deliberate and grossly
+      negligent acts) or agreed to in writing, shall any Contributor be
+      liable to You for damages, including any direct, indirect, special,
+      incidental, or exemplary damages of any character arising as a
+      result of this License or out of the use or inability to use the
+      Work (even if such Contributor has been advised of the possibility
+      of such damages).
+
+   9. Accepting Warranty or Additional Liability. While redistributing
+      the Work or Derivative Works thereof, You may choose to offer,
+      and charge a fee for, acceptance of support, warranty, indemnity,
+      or other liability obligations and/or rights consistent with this
+      License. However, in accepting such obligations, You may offer only
+      conditions consistent with this License, subject to the following
+      additional conditions:
+
+      (a) You may offer additional warranty, indemnity, or other liability
+          terms and conditions; and
+
+      (b) You may offer support for the Work in return for a fee.
+
+   END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS
+
+   APPENDIX: How to apply the Apache License to your work.
+
+      To apply the Apache License to your work, attach the following
+      boilerplate notice, with the fields enclosed by brackets "[]"
+      replaced with your own identifying information. (Don't include
+      the brackets!)  The text should be enclosed in the appropriate
+      comment syntax for the file format in question. It may also be
+      possible to make it available with a creative commons license.
+
+   Copyright 2026 Christian Manivong
+
+   Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+   you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+   You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+       http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+   Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+   distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+   WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+   See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+   limitations under the License.

README.md

@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ pip install napalm napalm-linux
 Or from source:
 
 ```bash
-git clone https://github.com/chrismanivong/napalm-linux
+git clone https://git.netork.io/NAPALM/napalm-linux
 pip install -e napalm-linux/
 ```
 
@@ -58,11 +58,11 @@ with Driver(
 
     # OS-specific methods (from napalm-device-types OSDriver)
     packages = dev.get_packages()
-    updates  = dev.get_pending_updates()
+    updates = dev.get_pending_updates()
     services = dev.get_services()
-    users    = dev.get_os_users()
+    users = dev.get_os_users()
-    procs    = dev.get_processes()
+    procs = dev.get_processes()
-    jobs     = dev.get_cron_jobs()
+    jobs = dev.get_cron_jobs()
 
     # Upgrade specific packages
     result = dev.apply_updates(["openssh-server", "curl"])
@@ -121,7 +121,7 @@ apt → dnf → yum → apk → pacman
 Force a specific package manager:
 
 ```python
-optional_args={"pkg_manager": "dnf"}
+optional_args = {"pkg_manager": "dnf"}
 ```
 
 ## SSH user permissions

pyproject.toml

@@ -1,14 +1,14 @@
 [build-system]
-requires = ["setuptools>=68", "wheel"]
+requires = ["setuptools>=77"]
 build-backend = "setuptools.build_meta"
 
 [project]
 name = "napalm-linux"
-version = "0.14.0"
+version = "0.15.0"
 description = "NAPALM driver for generic Linux systems via SSH"
 readme = "README.md"
-requires-python = ">=3.9"
+requires-python = ">=3.10"
-license = { text = "Apache-2.0" }
+license = "Apache-2.0"
 authors = [
     { name = "Christian Manivong", email = "christian@manivong.de" },
 ]
@@ -24,13 +24,12 @@ classifiers = [
     "Development Status :: 3 - Alpha",
     "Intended Audience :: Developers",
     "Intended Audience :: System Administrators",
-    "License :: OSI Approved :: Apache Software License",
     "Operating System :: OS Independent",
     "Programming Language :: Python :: 3",
-    "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.9",
     "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.10",
     "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.11",
     "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.12",
+    "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.13",
     "Topic :: System :: Networking",
     "Topic :: System :: Systems Administration",
     "Typing :: Typed",
@@ -44,23 +43,58 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [project.optional-dependencies]
 dev = [
-    "pytest",
+    "pytest>=8",
-    "pytest-cov",
+    "pytest-cov>=5",
-    "black",
+    "ruff>=0.6",
-    "ruff",
+    "mypy>=1.11",
-    "mypy",
 ]
 
 [project.entry-points."napalm.drivers"]
 linux = "napalm_linux:LinuxDriver"
 
 [project.urls]
-Repository = "https://github.com/chrismanivong/napalm-linux"
+Repository = "https://git.netork.io/NAPALM/napalm-linux"
+Issues = "https://git.netork.io/NAPALM/napalm-linux/issues"
+Changelog = "https://git.netork.io/NAPALM/napalm-linux/src/branch/main/CHANGELOG.md"
 
 [tool.setuptools.packages.find]
 where = ["."]
 include = ["napalm_linux*"]
 
+[tool.setuptools.package-data]
+napalm_linux = ["py.typed"]
+
 [tool.ruff]
 line-length = 100
-target-version = "py39"
+target-version = "py310"
+
+[tool.ruff.lint]
+select = ["E", "F", "I", "UP", "B"]
+
+[tool.ruff.lint.per-file-ignores]
+# Recorded device output keeps its lines.
+"tests/**" = ["E501"]
+
+[tool.mypy]
+python_version = "3.10"
+strict = true
+# napalm itself is untyped, so every driver subclasses Any.
+disallow_subclassing_any = false
+
+[[tool.mypy.overrides]]
+module = ["napalm.*", "netmiko.*", "paramiko.*"]
+ignore_missing_imports = true
+
+[[tool.mypy.overrides]]
+# Not yet under strict mypy (quality baseline); may only shrink.
+module = ["napalm_linux.linux"]
+ignore_errors = true
+
+[tool.pytest.ini_options]
+testpaths = ["tests"]
+
+[tool.coverage.run]
+source = ["napalm_linux"]
+
+[tool.coverage.report]
+fail_under = 57

tests/quality_baseline.json

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+{
+ "coverage_floor": 57.0,
+ "function_complexity": {
+  "napalm_linux/linux.py::LinuxDriver._collect_platform_info": 24,
+  "napalm_linux/linux.py::LinuxDriver._parse_cron_line": 12,
+  "napalm_linux/linux.py::LinuxDriver.get_networks": 13,
+  "napalm_linux/linux.py::LinuxDriver.get_route_to": 23,
+  "napalm_linux/linux.py::LinuxDriver.get_snmp_config": 13,
+  "napalm_linux/linux.py::LinuxDriver.get_vpn_tunnels": 28,
+  "napalm_linux/linux.py::LinuxDriver.search_packages": 26
+ },
+ "function_lines": {
+  "napalm_linux/linux.py::LinuxDriver._collect_platform_info": 106,
+  "napalm_linux/linux.py::LinuxDriver.get_networks": 52,
+  "napalm_linux/linux.py::LinuxDriver.get_route_to": 138,
+  "napalm_linux/linux.py::LinuxDriver.get_vpn_tunnels": 152,
+  "napalm_linux/linux.py::LinuxDriver.ping": 52,
+  "napalm_linux/linux.py::LinuxDriver.search_packages": 106,
+  "napalm_linux/linux.py::LinuxDriver.uninstall_package": 51
+ },
+ "mypy_relaxed": [
+  "napalm_linux.linux"
+ ],
+ "python_file_lines": {
+  "napalm_linux/linux.py": 2307
+ },
+ "untyped_public": []
+}

tests/test_command_channel.py

@@ -70,7 +70,9 @@ class FakeTransport:
 def _driver(*, root=False, sudo_password=None):
     driver = LinuxDriver("h", "u", "p", optional_args={"sudo_password": sudo_password})
     transport = FakeTransport()
-    driver._device = SimpleNamespace(remote_conn_pre=SimpleNamespace(get_transport=lambda: transport))
+    driver._device = SimpleNamespace(
+        remote_conn_pre=SimpleNamespace(get_transport=lambda: transport)
+    )
     driver._root = root
     return driver, transport
 

tests/test_fix_templates.py

@@ -248,7 +248,7 @@ def test_every_annotation_resolves():
     import inspect
     import typing
 
-    for name, member in inspect.getmembers(LinuxDriver, inspect.isfunction):
+    for _name, member in inspect.getmembers(LinuxDriver, inspect.isfunction):
         if member.__module__ == "napalm_linux.linux":
             typing.get_type_hints(member)
 
@@ -263,7 +263,9 @@ class TestManagementPeer:
         return d
 
     def test_the_client_side_of_ssh_connection(self):
-        assert self._driver("10.7.224.20 51234 10.0.0.5 22\n").get_management_peer() == "10.7.224.20"
+        assert (
+            self._driver("10.7.224.20 51234 10.0.0.5 22\n").get_management_peer() == "10.7.224.20"
+        )
 
     def test_an_ipv6_client(self):
         assert self._driver("fd00::20 51234 fd00::5 22\n").get_management_peer() == "fd00::20"

tests/test_linux.py

@@ -1,9 +1,10 @@
 """Unit tests for LinuxDriver – parsing helpers (no real SSH connection needed)."""
 
 import re
+from unittest.mock import MagicMock, patch
 
 import pytest
-from unittest.mock import MagicMock, patch
+
 from napalm_linux.linux import (
     _YUM_SECURITY_COMMAND,
     LinuxDriver,
@@ -11,7 +12,6 @@ from napalm_linux.linux import (
     _split_status,
 )
 
-
 # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Fixture – driver without a real connection
 # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -327,11 +327,7 @@ PASSWD_OUT = (
     "daemon:x:1:1:daemon:/usr/sbin:/usr/sbin/nologin\n"
 )
 
-GROUP_OUT = (
+GROUP_OUT = "sudo:x:27:admin\ndocker:x:999:admin\nadm:x:4:admin\n"
-    "sudo:x:27:admin\n"
-    "docker:x:999:admin\n"
-    "adm:x:4:admin\n"
-)
 
 
 def test_get_os_users(driver):
@@ -477,8 +473,7 @@ DNF_UPGRADE_SUCCESS = (
 )
 
 DNF_UPGRADE_ERROR = (
-    "Last metadata expiration check: 0:01:23 ago.\n"
+    "Last metadata expiration check: 0:01:23 ago.\nError: No match for argument: nonexistent-pkg\n"
-    "Error: No match for argument: nonexistent-pkg\n"
 )
 
 
@@ -532,6 +527,7 @@ def test_type_label_is_linux():
 
 def test_type_label_overrides_os_driver():
     from napalm_device_types import OSDriver
+
     assert OSDriver.TYPE_LABEL == "OS"
     assert LinuxDriver.TYPE_LABEL != OSDriver.TYPE_LABEL
 
@@ -555,18 +551,31 @@ def _dmi_output(
     # Mirrors the real shell output: DMIBEGIN sentinel followed by 9 fields.
     # The sentinel prevents _send()'s .strip() from eating leading blank lines
     # (which occur on ARM where all DMI files are absent).
-    return "\n".join([
+    return "\n".join(
-        "DMIBEGIN",
+        [
-        sys_vendor, product_name, product_version, product_serial,
+            "DMIBEGIN",
-        product_uuid, detect_virt, dt_model, cpuinfo_serial, cpuinfo_model,
+            sys_vendor,
-    ])
+            product_name,
+            product_version,
+            product_serial,
+            product_uuid,
+            detect_virt,
+            dt_model,
+            cpuinfo_serial,
+            cpuinfo_model,
+        ]
+    )
 
 
 class TestCollectPlatformInfo:
     def test_baremetal_dell(self, driver):
         raw = _dmi_output(
-            "Dell Inc.", "PowerEdge R720", "Not Specified", "ABC123",
+            "Dell Inc.",
-            "8a2e3f00-dead-beef-0000-123456789abc", "none",
+            "PowerEdge R720",
+            "Not Specified",
+            "ABC123",
+            "8a2e3f00-dead-beef-0000-123456789abc",
+            "none",
         )
         with patch.object(driver, "_send", return_value=raw):
             info = driver._collect_platform_info()
@@ -577,8 +586,12 @@ class TestCollectPlatformInfo:
 
     def test_baremetal_lenovo_product_version_preferred(self, driver):
         raw = _dmi_output(
-            "LENOVO", "10M8000VUS", "ThinkCentre M910x", "MP1234",
+            "LENOVO",
-            "8a2e3f00-dead-beef-0000-123456789abc", "none",
+            "10M8000VUS",
+            "ThinkCentre M910x",
+            "MP1234",
+            "8a2e3f00-dead-beef-0000-123456789abc",
+            "none",
         )
         with patch.object(driver, "_send", return_value=raw):
             info = driver._collect_platform_info()
@@ -589,8 +602,12 @@ class TestCollectPlatformInfo:
 
     def test_vm_kvm(self, driver):
         raw = _dmi_output(
-            "QEMU", "Standard PC (i440FX + PIIX, 1996)", "pc-i440fx-9.1", "",
+            "QEMU",
-            "4c4c4544-0000-2010-8020-b4c04f534a31", "kvm",
+            "Standard PC (i440FX + PIIX, 1996)",
+            "pc-i440fx-9.1",
+            "",
+            "4c4c4544-0000-2010-8020-b4c04f534a31",
+            "kvm",
         )
         with patch.object(driver, "_send", return_value=raw):
             info = driver._collect_platform_info()
@@ -601,8 +618,12 @@ class TestCollectPlatformInfo:
 
     def test_vm_vmware(self, driver):
         raw = _dmi_output(
-            "VMware, Inc.", "VMware Virtual Platform", "None", "VMware-42 12 34 56",
+            "VMware, Inc.",
-            "4244560c-dead-beef-0000-abcdef123456", "vmware",
+            "VMware Virtual Platform",
+            "None",
+            "VMware-42 12 34 56",
+            "4244560c-dead-beef-0000-abcdef123456",
+            "vmware",
         )
         with patch.object(driver, "_send", return_value=raw):
             info = driver._collect_platform_info()
@@ -613,8 +634,12 @@ class TestCollectPlatformInfo:
 
     def test_vm_hyperv(self, driver):
         raw = _dmi_output(
-            "Microsoft Corporation", "Virtual Machine", "Hyper-V UEFI Release v4.1", "",
+            "Microsoft Corporation",
-            "7C5B4B1F-1234-5678-ABCD-000000000001", "microsoft",
+            "Virtual Machine",
+            "Hyper-V UEFI Release v4.1",
+            "",
+            "7C5B4B1F-1234-5678-ABCD-000000000001",
+            "microsoft",
         )
         with patch.object(driver, "_send", return_value=raw):
             info = driver._collect_platform_info()
@@ -625,8 +650,12 @@ class TestCollectPlatformInfo:
 
     def test_junk_dmi_values_filtered(self, driver):
         raw = _dmi_output(
-            "To Be Filled By O.E.M.", "To Be Filled By O.E.M.", "Not Specified",
+            "To Be Filled By O.E.M.",
-            "To Be Filled By O.E.M.", "", "none",
+            "To Be Filled By O.E.M.",
+            "Not Specified",
+            "To Be Filled By O.E.M.",
+            "",
+            "none",
         )
         with patch.object(driver, "_send", return_value=raw):
             info = driver._collect_platform_info()
@@ -637,8 +666,12 @@ class TestCollectPlatformInfo:
     def test_vm_kvm_fallback_via_dmi_when_detect_virt_unavailable(self, driver):
         # systemd-detect-virt returns "none" (not installed), sys_vendor reveals QEMU
         raw = _dmi_output(
-            "QEMU", "Standard PC (i440FX + PIIX, 1996)", "", "",
+            "QEMU",
-            "4c4c4544-0000-2010-8020-b4c04f534a31", "none",
+            "Standard PC (i440FX + PIIX, 1996)",
+            "",
+            "",
+            "4c4c4544-0000-2010-8020-b4c04f534a31",
+            "none",
         )
         with patch.object(driver, "_send", return_value=raw):
             info = driver._collect_platform_info()
@@ -648,8 +681,12 @@ class TestCollectPlatformInfo:
 
     def test_container_docker(self, driver):
         raw = _dmi_output(
-            "QEMU", "Standard PC (i440FX + PIIX, 1996)", "", "",
+            "QEMU",
-            "4c4c4544-0000-2010-8020-b4c04f534a31", "docker",
+            "Standard PC (i440FX + PIIX, 1996)",
+            "",
+            "",
+            "4c4c4544-0000-2010-8020-b4c04f534a31",
+            "docker",
         )
         with patch.object(driver, "_send", return_value=raw):
             info = driver._collect_platform_info()
@@ -674,7 +711,12 @@ class TestCollectPlatformInfo:
 
     def test_arm_device_tree_fallback(self, driver):
         raw = _dmi_output(
-            "", "", "", "", "", "none",
+            "",
+            "",
+            "",
+            "",
+            "",
+            "none",
             dt_model="Raspberry Pi 4 Model B Rev 1.4",
             cpuinfo_serial="100000002a6d96dc",
             cpuinfo_model="Raspberry Pi 4 Model B Rev 1.4",
@@ -688,7 +730,12 @@ class TestCollectPlatformInfo:
 
     def test_arm_cpuinfo_model_when_no_dt(self, driver):
         raw = _dmi_output(
-            "", "", "", "", "", "none",
+            "",
+            "",
+            "",
+            "",
+            "",
+            "none",
             dt_model="",
             cpuinfo_serial="0000000012345678",
             cpuinfo_model="Raspberry Pi 3 Model B Plus Rev 1.3",
@@ -713,7 +760,12 @@ class TestCollectPlatformInfo:
         # d="none\nnone" which shifted subsequent lines off by one.
         # With the ${d:-none} fix this no longer happens.
         raw = _dmi_output(
-            "", "", "", "", "", "none",
+            "",
+            "",
+            "",
+            "",
+            "",
+            "none",
             dt_model="",
             cpuinfo_serial="0000000012345678",
             cpuinfo_model="Raspberry Pi 3 Model B Rev 1.2",
@@ -726,8 +778,12 @@ class TestCollectPlatformInfo:
 
     def test_arm_fallback_ignored_when_dmi_present(self, driver):
         raw = _dmi_output(
-            "Dell Inc.", "PowerEdge R720", "Not Specified", "XYZ999",
+            "Dell Inc.",
-            "8a2e3f00-dead-beef-0000-123456789abc", "none",
+            "PowerEdge R720",
+            "Not Specified",
+            "XYZ999",
+            "8a2e3f00-dead-beef-0000-123456789abc",
+            "none",
             dt_model="some-dt-model",
             cpuinfo_serial="deadbeef",
             cpuinfo_model="some cpuinfo model",
@@ -744,20 +800,23 @@ class TestCollectPlatformInfo:
 # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 
-@pytest.mark.parametrize("model,expected", [
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
-    ("Raspberry Pi 4 Model B Rev 1.4",     "Raspberry Pi Foundation"),
+    "model,expected",
-    ("Raspberry Pi 3 Model B Rev 1.2",     "Raspberry Pi Foundation"),
+    [
-    ("ODROID-N2L",                          "Hardkernel"),
+        ("Raspberry Pi 4 Model B Rev 1.4", "Raspberry Pi Foundation"),
-    ("NVIDIA Jetson Nano Developer Kit",    "NVIDIA"),
+        ("Raspberry Pi 3 Model B Rev 1.2", "Raspberry Pi Foundation"),
-    ("Rock Pi 4C",                          "Radxa"),
+        ("ODROID-N2L", "Hardkernel"),
-    ("Orange Pi 5 Plus",                    "Xunlong Software"),
+        ("NVIDIA Jetson Nano Developer Kit", "NVIDIA"),
-    ("Banana Pi BPI-R3",                    "SinoVoip"),
+        ("Rock Pi 4C", "Radxa"),
-    ("NanoPi R4S",                          "FriendlyElec"),
+        ("Orange Pi 5 Plus", "Xunlong Software"),
-    ("PINE64 RockPro64",                    "Pine64"),
+        ("Banana Pi BPI-R3", "SinoVoip"),
-    ("BeagleBone Black",                    "BeagleBoard.org"),
+        ("NanoPi R4S", "FriendlyElec"),
-    ("Unknown Board 1.0",                   "Unknown Board"),
+        ("PINE64 RockPro64", "Pine64"),
-    ("SomeSingleWordBoard",                 "SomeSingleWordBoard"),
+        ("BeagleBone Black", "BeagleBoard.org"),
-])
+        ("Unknown Board 1.0", "Unknown Board"),
+        ("SomeSingleWordBoard", "SomeSingleWordBoard"),
+    ],
+)
 def test_arm_vendor_from_model(model, expected):
     assert _arm_vendor_from_model(model) == expected
 
@@ -768,11 +827,27 @@ def test_arm_vendor_from_model(model, expected):
 
 
 def test_get_facts_baremetal_vendor_model_serial(driver):
-    platform = {"vendor": "Dell Inc.", "model": "PowerEdge R720", "serial": "ABC123", "is_vm": False}
+    platform = {
-    with patch.object(driver, "_collect_platform_info", return_value=platform), \
+        "vendor": "Dell Inc.",
-         patch.object(driver, "_parse_uptime", return_value=86400), \
+        "model": "PowerEdge R720",
-         patch.object(driver, "_send", side_effect=["myhost", "myhost.example.com", "Debian GNU/Linux 12", "eth0\neth1",
+        "serial": "ABC123",
-                                                   "6.1.0-18-amd64"]):
+        "is_vm": False,
+    }
+    with (
+        patch.object(driver, "_collect_platform_info", return_value=platform),
+        patch.object(driver, "_parse_uptime", return_value=86400),
+        patch.object(
+            driver,
+            "_send",
+            side_effect=[
+                "myhost",
+                "myhost.example.com",
+                "Debian GNU/Linux 12",
+                "eth0\neth1",
+                "6.1.0-18-amd64",
+            ],
+        ),
+    ):
         facts = driver.get_facts()
     assert facts["vendor"] == "Dell Inc."
     assert facts["model"] == "PowerEdge R720"
@@ -785,13 +860,20 @@ def test_get_facts_baremetal_vendor_model_serial(driver):
 
 def test_get_facts_vm_kvm(driver):
     platform = {
-        "vendor": "KVM", "model": "Virtual Machine",
+        "vendor": "KVM",
-        "serial": "4c4c4544-0000-2010-8020-b4c04f534a31", "is_vm": True,
+        "model": "Virtual Machine",
+        "serial": "4c4c4544-0000-2010-8020-b4c04f534a31",
+        "is_vm": True,
     }
-    with patch.object(driver, "_collect_platform_info", return_value=platform), \
+    with (
-         patch.object(driver, "_parse_uptime", return_value=3600), \
+        patch.object(driver, "_collect_platform_info", return_value=platform),
-         patch.object(driver, "_send", side_effect=["vmhost", "vmhost.local", "Ubuntu 22.04 LTS", "eth0",
+        patch.object(driver, "_parse_uptime", return_value=3600),
-                                                   "5.15.0-91-generic"]):
+        patch.object(
+            driver,
+            "_send",
+            side_effect=["vmhost", "vmhost.local", "Ubuntu 22.04 LTS", "eth0", "5.15.0-91-generic"],
+        ),
+    ):
         facts = driver.get_facts()
     assert facts["vendor"] == "KVM"
     assert facts["model"] == "Virtual Machine"
@@ -800,9 +882,15 @@ def test_get_facts_vm_kvm(driver):
 
 def test_get_facts_fallback_vendor_when_dmi_empty(driver):
     platform = {"vendor": "", "model": "", "serial": "", "is_vm": False}
-    with patch.object(driver, "_collect_platform_info", return_value=platform), \
+    with (
-         patch.object(driver, "_parse_uptime", return_value=0), \
+        patch.object(driver, "_collect_platform_info", return_value=platform),
-         patch.object(driver, "_send", side_effect=["host", "host.local", "Alpine Linux 3.19", "eth0", "6.6.7-0-lts"]):
+        patch.object(driver, "_parse_uptime", return_value=0),
+        patch.object(
+            driver,
+            "_send",
+            side_effect=["host", "host.local", "Alpine Linux 3.19", "eth0", "6.6.7-0-lts"],
+        ),
+    ):
         facts = driver.get_facts()
     assert facts["vendor"] == "Linux"  # fallback to VENDOR class attribute
 
@@ -813,7 +901,12 @@ class TestNoDockerOfItsOwn:
     only the fix that lets the login user use Docker stays."""
 
     def test_the_cli_methods_are_gone(self):
-        for name in ("get_docker_info", "get_docker_outdated", "reconstruct_docker_run", "_docker_bin"):
+        for name in (
+            "get_docker_info",
+            "get_docker_outdated",
+            "reconstruct_docker_run",
+            "_docker_bin",
+        ):
             assert not hasattr(LinuxDriver, name), name
 
     def test_the_engine_access_and_the_permission_fix_stay(self):
@@ -1019,7 +1112,9 @@ class TestReadToTheEnd:
 
     def test_the_echoed_command_does_not_count_as_the_marker(self, driver):
         """Its literal ``$?`` is no number."""
-        channel = _Channel(["sudo true; echo __NETORK_RC=$?\n", "__NETORK_RC=0\nchris@vault-01:~$ "])
+        channel = _Channel(
+            ["sudo true; echo __NETORK_RC=$?\n", "__NETORK_RC=0\nchris@vault-01:~$ "]
+        )
         driver._device = channel
 
         assert _split_status(driver._send(_TRUE_WITH_STATUS))[1] == 0
@@ -1043,7 +1138,7 @@ class TestReadToTheEnd:
     )
     def test_every_status_marker_is_waited_for(self, driver, command):
         marker = re.search(r"echo (__[A-Z_]+=)", command).group(1)
-        channel = _Channel([f"x <a@b>\n", f"{marker}0\nchris@host:~$ "])
+        channel = _Channel(["x <a@b>\n", f"{marker}0\nchris@host:~$ "])
         driver._device = channel
 
         output = driver._send(command)
@@ -1167,7 +1262,11 @@ def _kernel_wire(report: str) -> str:
     import base64
     import gzip
 
-    return "KFACTS_BEGIN\n" + base64.encodebytes(gzip.compress(report.encode())).decode() + "KFACTS_END"
+    return (
+        "KFACTS_BEGIN\n"
+        + base64.encodebytes(gzip.compress(report.encode())).decode()
+        + "KFACTS_END"
+    )
 
 
 def test_get_kernel_facts_carries_the_shared_command_across(driver):
@@ -1369,12 +1468,16 @@ class TestAvailableUpdates:
         driver._pkg_manager = "dnf"
         driver._device.send_command.side_effect = [
             "0",  # id -u
-            ("openssl-libs.x86_64   1:3.1.4-2.fc40   updates\n"
+            (
-            "vim-enhanced.x86_64   2:9.1.083-1.fc40 updates\n__NETORK_RC=100"),
+                "openssl-libs.x86_64   1:3.1.4-2.fc40   updates\n"
+                "vim-enhanced.x86_64   2:9.1.083-1.fc40 updates\n__NETORK_RC=100"
+            ),
             # DNF_SECURITY_COMMAND pipes through cat: the outer status is cat's, dnf's own
             # is in the __DNF_RC marker.
-            ("FEDORA-2024-1a2b3c4d5e Important/Sec. openssl-libs-1:3.1.4-2.fc40.x86_64\n"
+            (
-            "__DNF_RC=0\n__NETORK_RC=0"),
+                "FEDORA-2024-1a2b3c4d5e Important/Sec. openssl-libs-1:3.1.4-2.fc40.x86_64\n"
+                "__DNF_RC=0\n__NETORK_RC=0"
+            ),
         ]
 
         updates = {u["name"]: u for u in driver.get_available_updates()}
@@ -1402,10 +1505,14 @@ class TestAvailableUpdates:
         driver._pkg_manager = "yum"
         driver._device.send_command.side_effect = [
             "0",  # id -u
-            ("openssl-libs.x86_64   1:1.0.2k-26.el7_9   updates\n"
+            (
-            "vim-enhanced.x86_64   2:7.4.629-8.el7_9   updates\n__NETORK_RC=100"),
+                "openssl-libs.x86_64   1:1.0.2k-26.el7_9   updates\n"
-            ("RHSA-2023:3556 Important/Sec. openssl-libs-1:1.0.2k-26.el7_9.x86_64\n"
+                "vim-enhanced.x86_64   2:7.4.629-8.el7_9   updates\n__NETORK_RC=100"
-            "__DNF_RC=0\n__NETORK_RC=0"),
+            ),
+            (
+                "RHSA-2023:3556 Important/Sec. openssl-libs-1:1.0.2k-26.el7_9.x86_64\n"
+                "__DNF_RC=0\n__NETORK_RC=0"
+            ),
         ]
 
         updates = {u["name"]: u for u in driver.get_available_updates()}
@@ -1449,7 +1556,10 @@ class TestAvailableUpdates:
 
     def test_dnf_that_failed_raises(self, driver):
         driver._pkg_manager = "dnf"
-        driver._device.send_command.side_effect = ["0", "Error: Failed to download metadata\n__NETORK_RC=1"]
+        driver._device.send_command.side_effect = [
+            "0",
+            "Error: Failed to download metadata\n__NETORK_RC=1",
+        ]
 
         with pytest.raises(RuntimeError):
             driver.get_available_updates()
@@ -1461,7 +1571,10 @@ class TestRefreshAvailableUpdates:
 
     def test_apt_refreshes_its_index_as_root(self, driver):
         driver._pkg_manager = "apt"
-        driver._device.send_command.side_effect = ["0", "Hit:1 http://archive.ubuntu.com noble InRelease\n__NETORK_RC=0"]
+        driver._device.send_command.side_effect = [
+            "0",
+            "Hit:1 http://archive.ubuntu.com noble InRelease\n__NETORK_RC=0",
+        ]
 
         result = driver.refresh_available_updates()
 
@@ -1470,7 +1583,10 @@ class TestRefreshAvailableUpdates:
 
     def test_without_a_sudo_password_it_never_waits_for_one(self, driver):
         driver._pkg_manager = "apt"
-        driver._device.send_command.side_effect = ["1000", "sudo: a password is required\n__NETORK_RC=1"]
+        driver._device.send_command.side_effect = [
+            "1000",
+            "sudo: a password is required\n__NETORK_RC=1",
+        ]
 
         result = driver.refresh_available_updates()
 

tests/test_ssh_host_key.py

@@ -27,7 +27,9 @@ OTHER_KEY = paramiko.ECDSAKey.generate()
 def _device() -> MagicMock:
     device = MagicMock()
     device.send_command.return_value = "/usr/bin/apt"
-    device.remote_conn_pre.get_transport.return_value.get_remote_server_key.return_value = SERVER_KEY
+    device.remote_conn_pre.get_transport.return_value.get_remote_server_key.return_value = (
+        SERVER_KEY
+    )
     return device
 
 
@@ -76,7 +78,7 @@ def test_a_changed_key_is_refused():
         try:
             raise paramiko.BadHostKeyException("10.0.0.8", SERVER_KEY, OTHER_KEY)
         except paramiko.SSHException as exc:  # what netmiko does with it
-            raise NetmikoTimeoutException(f"A paramiko SSHException occurred: {exc}")
+            raise NetmikoTimeoutException(f"A paramiko SSHException occurred: {exc}") from exc
 
     driver = _driver(seen, SshHostKey.of(OTHER_KEY))
     with patch("napalm_linux.linux.ConnectHandler", side_effect=refuse):

tests/test_sudo_off_the_command_line.py

@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ class Channel:
     """An exec channel answering with *output* and *status*; it refuses a line
     that holds the password, which is what ``ps`` would show."""
 
-    def __init__(self, host: "Transport"):
+    def __init__(self, host: Transport):
         self.host = host
         self.command = ""
         self.stdin = b""