Add RedfishDriver on ManagementControllerDriver

The redfish driver implements get_facts, get_interfaces, get_interfaces_ip, get_environment, get_users, get_ntp_servers and get_snmp_information for the BMC, and the role methods get_power_state, set_power_state, get_hardware_inventory, get_event_log, get_firmware_inventory and get_management_protocols for the managed server. reboot_host resets the BMC through Manager.Reset, never the server.

Registered as the napalm.drivers entry point redfish; depends on napalm and napalm-device-types >= 4.6.
This commit is contained in:
Christian Manivong committed 2026-10-13 05:02:58 +00:00
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@@ -5,12 +5,11 @@ NAPALM driver for server **baseboard management controllers (BMCs)** over
boards that predate Redfish. Built on
[napalm-device-types](https://git.netork.io/NAPALM/napalm-device-types). Written for netOrk.
**Status: early development.** The HTTPS transport (`napalm_redfish/transport.py`) and pure
parsers for the Redfish resources in [docs/redfish-map.md](docs/redfish-map.md)
(`napalm_redfish/parsers/`) exist and are tested against DMTF mockups. The driver class and
its `napalm.drivers` entry point wait for the `ManagementControllerDriver` role base in
napalm-device-types. The first test device is a Supermicro X10DRL-i (BMC firmware 3.91,
Redfish).
**Status: early development.** The `redfish` driver (`napalm_redfish.RedfishDriver`, a
`ManagementControllerDriver` from napalm-device-types) implements the NAPALM getters and
the role methods in [docs/redfish-map.md](docs/redfish-map.md), tested end to end against
DMTF mockups. It has not yet run against real hardware; the first test device is a
Supermicro X10DRL-i (BMC firmware 3.91, Redfish). The `ipmi` fallback does not exist yet.
## Why Redfish, and why not one driver per vendor
@@ -64,10 +63,31 @@ These follow the other drivers in the `NAPALM` organisation:
- `napalm-device-types` is not on PyPI: install it from
`git+https://git.netork.io/NAPALM/napalm-device-types.git` before this package.
## Usage
```python
import napalm
driver = napalm.get_network_driver("redfish")
with driver("bmc01.example.net", "netork", "secret",
optional_args={"verify_ssl": "/etc/netork/bmc-ca.pem"}) as bmc:
bmc.get_facts() # the BMC: firmware as os_version, its ports
bmc.get_power_state() # the server: {"state": "On", "actions": [...]}
bmc.get_hardware_inventory()
```
Optional args: `port` (443), `verify_ssl` (`True`, `False` or a CA file path; default
`True`), `auth` (`auto`, `session` or `basic`; `auto` uses a Redfish session and falls back
to basic auth only if the service cannot create sessions), `retries` (1).
`reboot_host` restarts the BMC, never the server; the server is switched through
`set_power_state`. `get_config` is not implemented: a BMC has no configuration file.
## Development
```bash
python -m venv .venv && . .venv/bin/activate
pip install git+https://git.netork.io/NAPALM/napalm-device-types.git
pip install -e '.[test]'
pytest
```
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@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
"""NAPALM driver for server BMCs over DMTF Redfish."""
from napalm_redfish.driver import RedfishDriver
__version__ = "0.1.0.dev0"
__all__ = ["RedfishDriver"]
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@@ -0,0 +1,542 @@
"""NAPALM driver for server BMCs over DMTF Redfish.
The device is the BMC. NAPALM's getters describe the BMC (its ports, users, services);
the ``ManagementControllerDriver`` methods describe and control the server it manages.
``reboot_host`` restarts the BMC (``Manager.Reset``), never the server.
Optional args
-------------
port : int
HTTPS port (default 443).
verify_ssl : bool or str
``True`` (default) verifies the certificate against the CA bundle of ``requests``,
a path verifies against that CA file, ``False`` turns verification off (self-signed
BMC certificates are common).
auth : str
``auto`` (default: session, basic auth if the service cannot create sessions),
``session`` or ``basic``.
retries : int
Extra attempts after a connection error (default 1).
The managed server is the first member of ``Systems``; its BMC is the first manager in
its ``Links.ManagedBy`` and its chassis the first in its ``Links.Chassis`` (the first
member of ``Managers``/``Chassis`` when the links are missing).
"""
from __future__ import annotations
import logging
from datetime import datetime, timezone
from typing import Any
from napalm.base.exceptions import ConnectionException
from napalm_device_types import ManagementControllerDriver
from napalm_device_types.base import FingerprintRule, PortSpec
from napalm_device_types.models import POWER_ACTIONS
from napalm_redfish.parsers import (
build_environment,
environment_sources,
parse_account,
parse_action_info,
parse_drive,
parse_ethernet_interface,
parse_fan,
parse_firmware,
parse_log_entry,
parse_log_service,
parse_manager,
parse_memory,
parse_network_protocol,
parse_power,
parse_power_state,
parse_power_subsystem,
parse_power_supply,
parse_processor,
parse_reset_action,
parse_sensor,
parse_service_root,
parse_simple_storage,
parse_storage,
parse_system,
parse_thermal,
parse_thermal_metrics,
parse_thermal_subsystem,
to_napalm_users,
)
from napalm_redfish.parsers.common import link, link_list, odata_id
from napalm_redfish.transport import RedfishError, RedfishNotFound, RedfishTransport
LOG = logging.getLogger(__name__)
_JsonDict = dict[str, Any]
#: ``get_management_protocols`` key -> ManagerNetworkProtocol property.
_PROTOCOLS = {
"ipmi": "IPMI",
"ssh": "SSH",
"http": "HTTP",
"https": "HTTPS",
"snmp": "SNMP",
"kvm": "KVMIP",
"virtual_media": "VirtualMedia",
}
_SEVERITIES = ("OK", "Warning", "Critical")
def _timestamp(created: str | None) -> float | None:
"""Unix time of a Redfish ``Created`` value; a time without offset counts as UTC."""
if not created:
return None
try:
when = datetime.fromisoformat(created.replace("Z", "+00:00"))
except ValueError:
return None
if when.tzinfo is None:
when = when.replace(tzinfo=timezone.utc)
return when.timestamp()
def _status(item: _JsonDict) -> str:
"""Role ``status``: ``Absent`` for an empty slot, else the Redfish health."""
if not item.get("present", True):
return "Absent"
return item.get("health") or ""
class RedfishDriver(ManagementControllerDriver):
"""NAPALM driver for Redfish BMCs (Supermicro, iDRAC, iLO, XCC and others)."""
platform = "redfish"
DRIVER_NAME = "redfish"
#: Every Redfish service answers ``GET /redfish/v1/`` without credentials.
PORT_SPECS = [PortSpec("https", 443, ("/redfish/v1/",))]
HTTP_FINGERPRINT = [FingerprintRule("redfishversion", 10.0),
FingerprintRule("#serviceroot.", 5.0)]
#: A BMC restart takes a few minutes before Redfish answers again.
REBOOT_SETTLE_SECONDS = 180
def __init__(
self,
hostname: str,
username: str,
password: str,
timeout: int = 60,
optional_args: _JsonDict | None = None,
) -> None:
self.hostname = hostname
self.username = username
self.password = password
self.timeout = timeout
self.optional_args: _JsonDict = optional_args or {}
self.transport = RedfishTransport(
hostname,
username,
password,
port=self.optional_args.get("port"),
verify=self.optional_args.get("verify_ssl", True),
auth=self.optional_args.get("auth", "auto"),
timeout=timeout,
retries=self.optional_args.get("retries", 1),
)
self._cache: _JsonDict = {}
# --- connection ----------------------------------------------------------------------
def open(self) -> None:
try:
self.transport.open()
except RedfishError as exc:
raise ConnectionException(f"Cannot connect to Redfish at {self.hostname}: {exc}") \
from exc
def close(self) -> None:
self.transport.close()
self._cache = {}
def is_alive(self) -> _JsonDict:
try:
self.transport.get("/redfish/v1/")
except Exception:
return {"is_alive": False}
return {"is_alive": True}
# --- discovery (cached per connection) -------------------------------------------------
def _cached(self, key: str, load):
if key not in self._cache:
self._cache[key] = load()
return self._cache[key]
def _root(self) -> _JsonDict:
return self._cached("root", lambda: parse_service_root(self.transport.root))
def _first(self, collection: str) -> _JsonDict:
path = self._root()["links"].get(collection)
if path is None:
raise RedfishError(f"the service root links no {collection}")
members = self.transport.members(path, limit=1)
if not members:
raise RedfishError(f"{path} has no members")
return members[0]
def _system_raw(self) -> _JsonDict:
return self._cached("system", lambda: self._first("Systems"))
def _system_path(self) -> str:
return odata_id(self._system_raw()) or ""
def _linked_or_first(self, key: str, links_key: str, collection: str) -> _JsonDict:
def load() -> _JsonDict:
linked = link_list(self._system_raw(), "Links", links_key)
if linked:
return self.transport.get(linked[0])
return self._first(collection)
return self._cached(key, load)
def _manager_raw(self) -> _JsonDict:
return self._linked_or_first("manager", "ManagedBy", "Managers")
def _chassis_raw(self) -> _JsonDict:
return self._linked_or_first("chassis", "Chassis", "Chassis")
def _members_of(self, resource: _JsonDict, key: str) -> list[_JsonDict]:
"""Members of the collection ``resource[key]`` links; [] if not linked."""
path = link(resource, key)
return self.transport.members(path) if path else []
def _service(self, name: str) -> _JsonDict | None:
path = self._root()["links"].get(name)
return self.transport.get_optional(path) if path else None
def _network_protocol(self) -> _JsonDict:
raw = self.transport.follow(self._manager_raw(), "NetworkProtocol")
return parse_network_protocol(raw or {})
def _manager_interfaces(self) -> list[_JsonDict]:
return [parse_ethernet_interface(raw)
for raw in self._members_of(self._manager_raw(), "EthernetInterfaces")]
# --- NAPALM getters ----------------------------------------------------------------
def get_facts(self) -> _JsonDict:
system = parse_system(self._system_raw())
manager = parse_manager(self._manager_raw())
interfaces = self._manager_interfaces()
protocol = self._network_protocol()
hostname = (protocol["hostname"]
or next((i["hostname"] for i in interfaces if i["hostname"]), None)
or self.hostname)
fqdn = (protocol["fqdn"]
or next((i["fqdn"] for i in interfaces if i["fqdn"]), None)
or hostname)
return {
"uptime": -1.0, # Redfish has no uptime
"vendor": system["manufacturer"] or "",
"model": system["model"] or "",
"hostname": hostname,
"fqdn": fqdn,
"os_version": manager["firmware_version"] or "",
"serial_number": system["serial_number"] or "",
"interface_list": sorted(i["name"] for i in interfaces if i["name"]),
}
def get_interfaces(self) -> _JsonDict:
return {i["name"]: i["interface"] for i in self._manager_interfaces() if i["name"]}
def get_interfaces_ip(self) -> _JsonDict:
result = {}
for iface in self._manager_interfaces():
families = {f: iface[f] for f in ("ipv4", "ipv6") if iface[f]}
if iface["name"] and families:
result[iface["name"]] = families
return result
def get_environment(self) -> _JsonDict:
"""Fans, temperatures and power supplies of the chassis; ``cpu`` and ``memory`` are
empty, since a BMC does not know the host OS's load."""
sources = environment_sources(self._chassis_raw())
fans: _JsonDict = {}
temperature: _JsonDict = {}
power: _JsonDict = {}
thermal = sources["thermal"]
if thermal and thermal["schema"] == "Thermal":
legacy = parse_thermal(self.transport.get(thermal["path"]))
fans, temperature = legacy["fans"], legacy["temperature"]
elif thermal:
subsystem = parse_thermal_subsystem(self.transport.get(thermal["path"]))
parsed_fans = [parse_fan(raw) for raw in self.transport.members(
subsystem["fans_path"])] if subsystem["fans_path"] else []
if sources["sensors"]:
sensors = [parse_sensor(raw)
for raw in self.transport.members(sources["sensors"])]
temperature = build_environment(sensors=sensors)["temperature"]
elif subsystem["thermal_metrics_path"]:
metrics = self.transport.get_optional(subsystem["thermal_metrics_path"])
temperature = parse_thermal_metrics(metrics or {})["temperature"]
fans = build_environment(fans=parsed_fans)["fans"]
supply = sources["power"]
if supply and supply["schema"] == "Power":
power = parse_power(self.transport.get(supply["path"]))["power"]
elif supply:
psus = [parse_power_supply(raw, self.transport.follow(raw, "Metrics"))
for raw in self._power_supplies_raw(supply["path"])]
power = build_environment(power_supplies=psus)["power"]
return {"fans": fans, "temperature": temperature, "power": power,
"cpu": {}, "memory": {}}
def _power_supplies_raw(self, subsystem_path: str) -> list[_JsonDict]:
subsystem = parse_power_subsystem(self.transport.get(subsystem_path))
path = subsystem["power_supplies_path"]
return self.transport.members(path) if path else []
def get_users(self) -> _JsonDict:
service = self._service("AccountService")
if service is None:
return {}
return to_napalm_users(parse_account(raw) for raw in self._members_of(service,
"Accounts"))
def get_ntp_servers(self) -> _JsonDict:
return {server: {} for server in self._network_protocol()["ntp"]["servers"]}
def get_snmp_information(self) -> _JsonDict:
"""SNMP state from ManagerNetworkProtocol. Redfish hides community strings, so the
``community`` keys are the communities' names; contact and location are not in
Redfish."""
snmp = self._network_protocol()["snmp"]
communities = {}
if snmp["enabled"]:
for community in snmp["communities"]:
if community["name"]:
mode = "rw" if community["access"] == "Full" else "ro"
communities[community["name"]] = {"acl": "", "mode": mode}
return {"chassis_id": "", "community": communities, "contact": "", "location": ""}
# --- role: power -------------------------------------------------------------------
def _accepted_actions(self, system: _JsonDict) -> list[str]:
"""The PowerAction values the BMC accepts for ``system`` in its current state."""
reset = parse_reset_action(system)
if reset["target"] is None:
return []
allowed = reset["allowed"]
if allowed is None and reset["action_info"]:
info = self.transport.get_optional(reset["action_info"])
allowed = parse_action_info(info) if info else None
if allowed is None:
# Not advertised: assume the standard values; the BMC rejects what it lacks.
allowed = list(POWER_ACTIONS)
actions = [a for a in POWER_ACTIONS if a in allowed]
state = parse_power_state(system)
if state == "Off":
return [a for a in actions if a == "On"]
if state == "On":
return [a for a in actions if a != "On"]
return actions
def get_power_state(self) -> _JsonDict:
system = self.transport.get(self._system_path())
return {"state": parse_power_state(system) or "",
"actions": self._accepted_actions(system)}
def set_power_state(self, action: str) -> None:
if action not in POWER_ACTIONS:
raise ValueError(f"{action!r} is not one of {', '.join(POWER_ACTIONS)}")
system = self.transport.get(self._system_path())
target = parse_reset_action(system)["target"]
if target is None:
raise RuntimeError(f"{self.hostname}: the system offers no reset action")
accepted = self._accepted_actions(system)
if action not in accepted:
raise RuntimeError(
f"{self.hostname}: {action} not accepted while the server is "
f"{parse_power_state(system) or 'in an unknown state'} "
f"(accepted: {', '.join(accepted) or 'none'})")
try:
self.transport.post(target, {"ResetType": action})
except RedfishError as exc:
raise RuntimeError(f"{self.hostname}: {action} refused: {exc}") from exc
def reboot_host(self) -> None:
"""Restart the BMC (``Manager.Reset``, graceful when offered). The server keeps
running; the Redfish session ends with the restart."""
manager = self.transport.get(odata_id(self._manager_raw()) or "")
reset = parse_reset_action(manager, "#Manager.Reset")
if reset["target"] is None:
raise RuntimeError(f"{self.hostname}: the BMC offers no reset action")
body: _JsonDict = {}
if reset["allowed"] is not None:
reset_type = next((t for t in ("GracefulRestart", "ForceRestart")
if t in reset["allowed"]), None)
if reset_type is None:
raise RuntimeError(f"{self.hostname}: BMC reset types "
f"{reset['allowed']} include no restart")
body["ResetType"] = reset_type
try:
self.transport.post(reset["target"], body)
except RedfishError as exc:
raise RuntimeError(f"{self.hostname}: BMC reset refused: {exc}") from exc
# --- role: inventory -----------------------------------------------------------------
def get_hardware_inventory(self) -> _JsonDict:
raw = self._system_raw()
system = parse_system(raw)
return {
"manufacturer": system["manufacturer"] or "",
"model": system["model"] or "",
"serial_number": system["serial_number"] or "",
"system_uuid": (system["uuid"] or "").lower(),
"cpus": self._cpus(raw),
"memory": self._dimms(raw),
"drives": self._drives(raw),
"power_supplies": self._psus(),
"nics": self._nics(raw),
}
def _cpus(self, system: _JsonDict) -> list[_JsonDict]:
cpus = []
for raw in self._members_of(system, "Processors"):
cpu = parse_processor(raw)
if cpu["processor_type"] not in (None, "CPU"):
continue # GPUs, FPGAs, accelerators
cpus.append({"socket": cpu["socket"] or cpu["id"] or "", "model": cpu["model"] or "",
"cores": cpu["cores"], "threads": cpu["threads"],
"status": _status(cpu)})
return cpus
def _dimms(self, system: _JsonDict) -> list[_JsonDict]:
dimms = []
for raw in self._members_of(system, "Memory"):
dimm = parse_memory(raw)
size = dimm["capacity_mib"]
dimms.append({
"slot": dimm["location"] or dimm["id"] or "",
"size_bytes": size * 1024 * 1024 if size else None,
"type": dimm["memory_device_type"] or "",
"speed_mts": dimm["speed_mhz"], # Redfish: MHz or MT/s "as appropriate"
"part_number": dimm["part_number"] or "",
"serial_number": dimm["serial_number"] or "",
"status": _status(dimm),
})
return dimms
def _drives(self, system: _JsonDict) -> list[_JsonDict]:
parsed: list[_JsonDict] = []
if link(system, "Storage"):
seen: set[str] = set()
for storage in self._members_of(system, "Storage"):
for path in parse_storage(storage)["drive_paths"]:
if path not in seen:
seen.add(path)
drive = self.transport.get_optional(path)
if drive is not None:
parsed.append(parse_drive(drive))
else:
for storage in self._members_of(system, "SimpleStorage"):
parsed.extend(parse_simple_storage(storage)["drives"])
return [{
"slot": d["name"] or d["id"] or "",
"model": d["model"] or "",
"serial_number": d["serial_number"] or "",
"size_bytes": d["capacity_bytes"],
"media": d["media_type"] or "",
"protocol": d["protocol"] or "",
"status": _status(d),
} for d in parsed]
def _psus(self) -> list[_JsonDict]:
source = environment_sources(self._chassis_raw())["power"]
if source is None:
return []
if source["schema"] == "Power":
items = self.transport.get(source["path"]).get("PowerSupplies") or []
else:
items = self._power_supplies_raw(source["path"])
psus = []
for raw in items:
if not isinstance(raw, dict):
continue
psu = parse_power_supply(raw)
psus.append({
"slot": psu["name"],
"model": psu["model"] or "",
"serial_number": psu["serial_number"] or "",
"capacity_watts": int(psu["capacity"]) if psu["capacity"] >= 0 else None,
"status": _status(psu),
})
return psus
def _nics(self, system: _JsonDict) -> list[_JsonDict]:
nics = []
for raw in self._members_of(system, "EthernetInterfaces"):
nic = parse_ethernet_interface(raw)
speed = nic["interface"]["speed"]
link_up = {"LinkUp": True, "LinkDown": False, "NoLink": False}.get(
nic["link_status"] or "")
nics.append({
"name": nic["name"] or "",
"mac_address": nic["interface"]["mac_address"].lower(),
"speed_mbps": int(speed) if speed >= 0 else None,
"link_up": link_up,
})
return nics
# --- role: event log, firmware, protocols --------------------------------------------
def get_event_log(self, limit: int = 500) -> list[_JsonDict]:
"""Entries of every log service of the system and of the BMC, newest first.
Where the SEL lives varies by vendor, so all of them are read; entries without a
time sort last.
"""
entries: list[_JsonDict] = []
for owner in (self._system_raw(), self._manager_raw()):
try:
services = self._members_of(owner, "LogServices")
except RedfishNotFound:
continue
for raw_service in services:
service = parse_log_service(raw_service)
if not service["entries_path"]:
continue
try:
raw_entries = self.transport.members(service["entries_path"])
except RedfishNotFound:
LOG.warning("%s: log %s has no entries collection", self.hostname,
service["id"])
continue
for raw in raw_entries:
entry = parse_log_entry(raw)
severity = entry["severity"]
entries.append({
"id": odata_id(raw) or f"{service['id']}/{entry['id']}",
"timestamp": _timestamp(entry["created"]),
"severity": severity if severity in _SEVERITIES else "OK",
"message": entry["message"] or "",
})
entries.sort(key=lambda e: (e["timestamp"] is not None, e["timestamp"] or 0.0),
reverse=True)
return entries[:limit]
def get_firmware_inventory(self) -> list[_JsonDict]:
service = self._service("UpdateService")
if service is None:
return []
items = [parse_firmware(raw) for raw in self._members_of(service, "FirmwareInventory")]
return [{"name": fw["name"] or fw["id"] or "", "version": fw["version"] or "",
"updateable": fw["updateable"]} for fw in items]
def get_management_protocols(self) -> _JsonDict:
"""What the BMC listens on. A protocol the BMC does not report counts as off."""
protocols = self._network_protocol()["protocols"]
result = {}
for key, name in _PROTOCOLS.items():
entry = protocols.get(name) or {}
result[key] = {"enabled": bool(entry.get("enabled")), "port": entry.get("port")}
return result
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@@ -10,6 +10,9 @@ readme = "README.md"
license = { file = "LICENSE" }
requires-python = ">=3.10"
dependencies = [
"napalm>=5.0",
# Not on PyPI: install from git before this package (see README).
"napalm-device-types>=4.6",
"redfish>=3.2",
]
classifiers = [
@@ -25,6 +28,9 @@ test = [
"responses>=0.23",
]
[project.entry-points."napalm.drivers"]
redfish = "napalm_redfish:RedfishDriver"
[tool.setuptools.packages.find]
include = ["napalm_redfish*"]
+489
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@@ -0,0 +1,489 @@
"""RedfishDriver end to end: the DMTF public-rackmount1 mockup over mocked HTTP."""
import json
from datetime import datetime
from importlib.metadata import entry_points
import napalm
import pytest
from conftest import SESSION_PATH, SESSIONS, load
from napalm.base import models as napalm_models
from napalm.base.exceptions import ConnectionException
from napalm_device_types import ManagementControllerDriver, models
from napalm_device_types.roles import primary_role_of
from napalm_redfish import RedfishDriver
SYSTEM = "/redfish/v1/Systems/437XR1138R2"
CHASSIS = "/redfish/v1/Chassis/1U"
MANAGER = "/redfish/v1/Managers/BMC"
SYSTEM_LOG = SYSTEM + "/LogServices/Log1/Entries"
def assert_shape(value, typed_dict):
"""``value`` has exactly the keys of ``typed_dict`` (all of them required)."""
assert isinstance(value, dict)
assert set(value) == set(typed_dict.__annotations__), typed_dict.__name__
def ts(iso: str) -> float:
return datetime.fromisoformat(iso.replace("Z", "+00:00")).timestamp()
@pytest.fixture
def driver(server):
# The mockup's system log advertises a nextLink page it does not contain.
server.override("GET", SYSTEM_LOG + "?$skiptoken=2", 200, {
"Members": [{"@odata.id": SYSTEM_LOG + "/3", "Id": "3", "Severity": "Warning",
"Created": "2012-03-07T14:46:00Z", "Message": "Fan redundancy lost"}],
})
d = RedfishDriver("bmc.example.net", "netork", "s3cret", optional_args={"verify_ssl": False})
d.open()
yield d
d.close()
def without(path: str, *keys: str) -> dict:
data = load("dmtf-public-rackmount1", path)
for key in keys:
data.pop(key)
return data
# --- class, registration, connection -------------------------------------------------------
def test_role():
assert issubclass(RedfishDriver, ManagementControllerDriver)
assert primary_role_of(RedfishDriver) == "management_controller"
assert RedfishDriver.USES_SSH is False
assert RedfishDriver.DRIVER_NAME == "redfish"
for method in ("get_power_state", "set_power_state", "get_hardware_inventory",
"get_event_log", "get_firmware_inventory", "get_management_protocols",
"reboot_host"):
assert hasattr(RedfishDriver, method), method
def test_entry_point():
(ep,) = [e for e in entry_points(group="napalm.drivers") if e.name == "redfish"]
assert ep.load() is RedfishDriver
def test_napalm_finds_the_driver():
assert napalm.get_network_driver("redfish") is RedfishDriver
def test_open_and_close(server):
d = RedfishDriver("bmc.example.net", "netork", "s3cret", optional_args={"verify_ssl": False})
d.open()
assert d.is_alive() == {"is_alive": True}
d.close()
assert d.is_alive() == {"is_alive": False}
assert len(server.calls("POST", SESSIONS)) == 1
assert len(server.calls("DELETE", SESSION_PATH)) == 1
def test_open_failure_is_connection_exception(server):
server.override("POST", SESSIONS, 401, {})
d = RedfishDriver("bmc.example.net", "netork", "wrong", optional_args={"verify_ssl": False})
with pytest.raises(ConnectionException):
d.open()
def test_optional_args(server):
d = RedfishDriver("bmc.example.net", "u", "p", timeout=12,
optional_args={"port": 8443, "verify_ssl": False, "auth": "basic"})
assert d.transport.base_url == "https://bmc.example.net:8443"
assert d.transport.verify is False
assert d.transport.auth == "basic"
assert d.transport.timeout == 12
assert RedfishDriver("h", "u", "p").transport.verify is True
def test_discovery_is_cached(driver, server):
driver.get_facts()
driver.get_hardware_inventory()
assert len(server.calls("GET", SYSTEM)) == 1
# The power state is read fresh each time; the collection is still not re-read.
driver.get_power_state()
driver.get_power_state()
assert len(server.calls("GET", SYSTEM)) == 3
assert len(server.calls("GET", "/redfish/v1/Systems")) == 1
# --- NAPALM getters ------------------------------------------------------------------------
def test_get_facts(driver):
facts = driver.get_facts()
assert_shape(facts, napalm_models.FactsDict)
assert facts == {
"uptime": -1.0,
"vendor": "Contoso",
"model": "3500",
"hostname": "web483-bmc",
"fqdn": "web483-bmc.dmtf.org",
"os_version": "1.45.455b66-rev4",
"serial_number": "437XR1138R2",
"interface_list": ["ToHost", "eth0"],
}
def test_get_interfaces(driver):
ifaces = driver.get_interfaces()
assert set(ifaces) == {"eth0", "ToHost"}
assert_shape(ifaces["eth0"], napalm_models.InterfaceDict)
assert ifaces["eth0"]["mac_address"] == "23:11:8A:33:CF:EA"
assert ifaces["eth0"]["is_up"] is True
assert ifaces["eth0"]["speed"] == 100.0
def test_get_interfaces_ip(driver):
assert driver.get_interfaces_ip() == {
"eth0": {"ipv4": {"192.168.0.10": {"prefix_length": 22}},
"ipv6": {"fe80::1ec1:deff:fe6f:1e24": {"prefix_length": 64}}},
"ToHost": {"ipv4": {"192.168.20.55": {"prefix_length": 24}},
"ipv6": {"fe80::1ec1:deff:fe6f:1e24": {"prefix_length": 64}}},
}
def test_get_environment_new_resources(driver, server):
env = driver.get_environment()
assert_shape(env, napalm_models.EnvironmentDict)
assert env["cpu"] == {}
assert env["memory"] == {}
assert env["fans"] == {
"Fan Bay 1": {"status": True},
"Fan Bay 2": {"status": True},
"Fan for CPU 1": {"status": True},
"Fan for CPU 2": {"status": True},
}
assert env["power"] == {
"Power Supply Bay 1": {"status": False, "capacity": 400.0, "output": 937.4},
}
assert len(env["temperature"]) == 8
assert env["temperature"]["CPU #1 Temperature"] == {
"temperature": 44.0, "is_alert": True, "is_critical": False}
# The legacy resources were not read.
assert not server.calls("GET", CHASSIS + "/Thermal")
assert not server.calls("GET", CHASSIS + "/Power")
def test_get_environment_legacy(driver, server):
server.override("GET", CHASSIS, 200,
without(CHASSIS, "ThermalSubsystem", "PowerSubsystem", "Sensors"))
env = driver.get_environment()
assert_shape(env, napalm_models.EnvironmentDict)
assert env["fans"] == {"BaseBoard System Fan": {"status": True},
"BaseBoard System Fan Backup": {"status": True}}
assert env["temperature"]["CPU1 Temp"] == {
"temperature": 41.0, "is_alert": False, "is_critical": False}
assert env["power"] == {"Power Supply Bay": {"status": False, "capacity": 800.0,
"output": 325.0}}
assert not server.calls("GET", CHASSIS + "/Sensors")
def test_get_environment_thermal_metrics_without_sensors(driver, server):
server.override("GET", CHASSIS, 200, without(CHASSIS, "Sensors"))
env = driver.get_environment()
assert env["temperature"] == {
"Intake": {"temperature": 24.8, "is_alert": False, "is_critical": False},
"Exhaust": {"temperature": 40.5, "is_alert": False, "is_critical": False},
}
assert len(env["fans"]) == 4
def test_get_users(driver):
users = driver.get_users()
# The collection lists account 1 only; account 2 exists but is not a member.
assert users == {"Administrator": {"level": 15, "password": "", "sshkeys": []}}
def test_get_ntp_servers(driver, server):
assert driver.get_ntp_servers() == {}
server.override("GET", MANAGER + "/NetworkProtocol", 200,
load("dmtf-public-telemetry", "/redfish/v1/Managers/1/NetworkProtocol"))
assert driver.get_ntp_servers() == {
"0.pool.ntp.org": {}, "1.pool.ntp.org": {}, "time-a.nist.gov": {}}
def test_get_snmp_information(driver):
snmp = driver.get_snmp_information()
assert_shape(snmp, napalm_models.SNMPDict)
assert snmp == {
"chassis_id": "",
"contact": "",
"location": "",
"community": {
"Read-only community": {"acl": "", "mode": "ro"},
"Full access community": {"acl": "", "mode": "rw"},
},
}
def test_get_config_not_implemented(driver):
with pytest.raises(NotImplementedError):
driver.get_config()
# --- role: power ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
def test_get_power_state(driver):
state = driver.get_power_state()
assert_shape(state, models.PowerStateDict)
# On: "On" is not offered; Redfish-only values (Nmi, ForceOn, FullPowerCycle) are dropped.
assert state == {"state": "On",
"actions": ["GracefulShutdown", "ForceOff", "GracefulRestart",
"ForceRestart"]}
def test_get_power_state_off(driver, server):
system = load("dmtf-public-rackmount1", SYSTEM)
system["PowerState"] = "Off"
server.override("GET", SYSTEM, 200, system)
assert driver.get_power_state() == {"state": "Off", "actions": ["On"]}
def test_get_power_state_from_action_info(driver, server):
system = load("dmtf-public-rackmount1", SYSTEM)
reset = system["Actions"]["#ComputerSystem.Reset"]
del reset["ResetType@Redfish.AllowableValues"]
reset["@Redfish.ActionInfo"] = SYSTEM + "/ResetActionInfo"
server.override("GET", SYSTEM, 200, system)
server.override("GET", SYSTEM + "/ResetActionInfo", 200, {"Parameters": [
{"Name": "ResetType", "AllowableValues": ["On", "ForceOff", "PowerCycle"]}]})
assert driver.get_power_state()["actions"] == ["ForceOff", "PowerCycle"]
def test_get_power_state_unlisted_values(driver, server):
# A reset action without allowable values: the standard actions are assumed.
system = load("dmtf-public-rackmount1", SYSTEM)
del system["Actions"]["#ComputerSystem.Reset"]["ResetType@Redfish.AllowableValues"]
server.override("GET", SYSTEM, 200, system)
assert driver.get_power_state()["actions"] == [
"GracefulShutdown", "ForceOff", "GracefulRestart", "ForceRestart", "PowerCycle"]
def test_get_power_state_without_reset_action(driver, server):
server.override("GET", SYSTEM, 200, without(SYSTEM, "Actions"))
assert driver.get_power_state() == {"state": "On", "actions": []}
def test_set_power_state(driver, server):
target = SYSTEM + "/Actions/ComputerSystem.Reset"
server.override("POST", target, 204)
driver.set_power_state("GracefulRestart")
(call,) = server.calls("POST", target)
assert json.loads(call.request.body) == {"ResetType": "GracefulRestart"}
def test_set_power_state_invalid_action(driver, server):
with pytest.raises(ValueError):
driver.set_power_state("Nmi")
assert not server.calls("POST", SYSTEM + "/Actions/ComputerSystem.Reset")
@pytest.mark.parametrize("action", ["On", "PowerCycle"])
def test_set_power_state_not_accepted_now(driver, server, action):
# "On" for a server that is on; "PowerCycle" which this BMC does not list.
with pytest.raises(RuntimeError):
driver.set_power_state(action)
assert not server.calls("POST", SYSTEM + "/Actions/ComputerSystem.Reset")
def test_set_power_state_refused_by_bmc(driver, server):
target = SYSTEM + "/Actions/ComputerSystem.Reset"
server.override("POST", target, 409, {"error": {"message": "Operation in progress"}})
with pytest.raises(RuntimeError, match="Operation in progress"):
driver.set_power_state("ForceOff")
def test_set_power_state_rereads_state(driver, server):
# The state that gates the action is read fresh, not from the discovery cache.
driver.get_power_state()
system = load("dmtf-public-rackmount1", SYSTEM)
system["PowerState"] = "Off"
server.override("GET", SYSTEM, 200, system)
server.override("POST", SYSTEM + "/Actions/ComputerSystem.Reset", 204)
driver.set_power_state("On")
def test_reboot_host_resets_the_bmc(driver, server):
target = MANAGER + "/Actions/Manager.Reset"
server.override("POST", target, 204)
driver.reboot_host()
(call,) = server.calls("POST", target)
assert json.loads(call.request.body) == {"ResetType": "GracefulRestart"}
# Never the managed server.
assert not server.calls("POST", SYSTEM + "/Actions/ComputerSystem.Reset")
def test_reboot_host_force_only(driver, server):
manager = load("dmtf-public-rackmount1", MANAGER)
manager["Actions"]["#Manager.Reset"]["ResetType@Redfish.AllowableValues"] = ["ForceRestart"]
server.override("GET", MANAGER, 200, manager)
server.override("POST", MANAGER + "/Actions/Manager.Reset", 204)
driver.reboot_host()
(call,) = server.calls("POST", MANAGER + "/Actions/Manager.Reset")
assert json.loads(call.request.body) == {"ResetType": "ForceRestart"}
def test_reboot_host_without_action(driver, server):
server.override("GET", MANAGER, 200, without(MANAGER, "Actions"))
with pytest.raises(RuntimeError):
driver.reboot_host()
# --- role: inventory, logs, firmware, protocols --------------------------------------------
def test_get_hardware_inventory(driver):
inv = driver.get_hardware_inventory()
assert_shape(inv, models.HardwareInventoryDict)
assert inv["manufacturer"] == "Contoso"
assert inv["model"] == "3500"
assert inv["serial_number"] == "437XR1138R2"
assert inv["system_uuid"] == "38947555-7742-3448-3784-823347823834"
for cpu in inv["cpus"]:
assert_shape(cpu, models.BmcCpuDict)
# The FPGA is a processor but not a CPU.
assert inv["cpus"] == [
{"socket": "CPU 1", "model": "Multi-Core Intel(R) Xeon(R) processor 7xxx Series",
"cores": 8, "threads": 16, "status": "OK"},
{"socket": "CPU 2", "model": "", "cores": None, "threads": None, "status": "Absent"},
]
for dimm in inv["memory"]:
assert_shape(dimm, models.BmcDimmDict)
assert [d["slot"] for d in inv["memory"]] == ["DIMM 1", "DIMM 2", "DIMM 3", "DIMM 4"]
assert inv["memory"][0] == {"slot": "DIMM 1", "size_bytes": 32768 * 1024 * 1024,
"type": "DDR4", "speed_mts": None, "part_number": "",
"serial_number": "", "status": "OK"}
assert inv["memory"][3]["status"] == "Absent"
for drive in inv["drives"]:
assert_shape(drive, models.BmcDriveDict)
# This system has SimpleStorage only.
assert inv["drives"][0] == {"slot": "SATA Bay 1", "model": "3000GT8", "serial_number": "",
"size_bytes": 8000000000000, "media": "", "protocol": "",
"status": "OK"}
assert [d["status"] for d in inv["drives"]] == ["OK", "Warning", "Absent", "Absent"]
for psu in inv["power_supplies"]:
assert_shape(psu, models.BmcPsuDict)
assert inv["power_supplies"] == [
{"slot": "Power Supply Bay 1", "model": "RKS-440DC", "serial_number": "3488247",
"capacity_watts": 400, "status": "Warning"},
{"slot": "Power Supply Bay 2", "model": "", "serial_number": "",
"capacity_watts": None, "status": "Absent"},
]
for nic in inv["nics"]:
assert_shape(nic, models.BmcNicDict)
nics = {n["name"]: n for n in inv["nics"]}
assert set(nics) == {"12446A3B0411", "12446A3B8890", "ToManager", "VLAN1"}
assert nics["12446A3B0411"] == {"name": "12446A3B0411", "mac_address": "12:44:6a:3b:04:11",
"speed_mbps": 1000, "link_up": True}
assert nics["ToManager"]["link_up"] is None
def test_get_hardware_inventory_storage_drives(driver, server):
# A system with Storage reads the drives each storage subsystem links.
system = load("dmtf-public-rackmount1", SYSTEM)
del system["SimpleStorage"]
system["Storage"] = {"@odata.id": SYSTEM + "/Storage"}
server.override("GET", SYSTEM, 200, system)
server.override("GET", SYSTEM + "/Storage", 200,
load("dmtf-public-localstorage", SYSTEM + "/Storage"))
server.override("GET", SYSTEM + "/Storage/1", 200,
load("dmtf-public-localstorage", SYSTEM + "/Storage/1"))
for drive in ("35D38F11ACEF7BD3", "3F5A8C54207B7233", "32ADF365C6C1B7BD", "3D58ECBC375FD9F2"):
path = f"{CHASSIS}/Drives/{drive}"
server.override("GET", path, 200, load("dmtf-public-localstorage", path))
drives = driver.get_hardware_inventory()["drives"]
assert len(drives) == 4
assert drives[0] == {"slot": "Drive Sample", "model": "C123", "serial_number": "1234567",
"size_bytes": 899527000064, "media": "HDD", "protocol": "SAS",
"status": "OK"}
def test_get_hardware_inventory_legacy_power(driver, server):
server.override("GET", CHASSIS, 200, without(CHASSIS, "PowerSubsystem"))
assert driver.get_hardware_inventory()["power_supplies"] == [
{"slot": "Power Supply Bay", "model": "499253-B21", "serial_number": "1Z0000001",
"capacity_watts": 800, "status": "Warning"},
]
def test_get_event_log(driver):
log = driver.get_event_log()
for entry in log:
assert_shape(entry, models.EventLogEntryDict)
assert log == [
{"id": SYSTEM_LOG + "/3", "timestamp": ts("2012-03-07T14:46:00Z"),
"severity": "Warning", "message": "Fan redundancy lost"},
{"id": SYSTEM_LOG + "/2", "timestamp": ts("2012-03-07T14:45:00Z"),
"severity": "Critical", "message": "Temperature threshold exceeded"},
{"id": SYSTEM_LOG + "/1", "timestamp": ts("2012-03-07T14:44:00Z"),
"severity": "Critical", "message": "Temperature threshold exceeded"},
{"id": MANAGER + "/LogServices/Log/Entries/1", "timestamp": ts("2012-03-07T14:44:00Z"),
"severity": "Critical", "message": "System May be Melting"},
]
def test_get_event_log_limit(driver):
log = driver.get_event_log(limit=2)
assert [e["id"] for e in log] == [SYSTEM_LOG + "/3", SYSTEM_LOG + "/2"]
def test_get_event_log_timestamps(driver, server):
entries = SYSTEM_LOG + "?$skiptoken=2"
server.override("GET", entries, 200, {"Members": [
{"Id": "3", "Created": "2026-10-13T08:00:00+02:00", "Message": "offset"},
{"Id": "4", "Message": "no time", "Severity": "Informational"},
{"Id": "5", "Created": "garbage", "Message": "bad time"},
]})
log = {e["message"]: e for e in driver.get_event_log()}
assert log["offset"]["timestamp"] == ts("2026-10-13T06:00:00Z")
assert log["no time"]["timestamp"] is None
assert log["no time"]["severity"] == "OK"
assert log["bad time"]["timestamp"] is None
# Entries without a time sort last.
assert list(log)[0] == "offset"
assert set(list(log)[-2:]) == {"no time", "bad time"}
def test_get_firmware_inventory(driver):
fw = driver.get_firmware_inventory()
for item in fw:
assert_shape(item, models.FirmwareDict)
assert fw == [
{"name": "Contoso BMC Firmware", "version": "1.45.455b66-rev4", "updateable": True},
{"name": "Contoso Simple Storage Firmware", "version": "2.50", "updateable": True},
{"name": "Contoso BIOS Firmware", "version": "P79 v1.45", "updateable": True},
]
def test_get_management_protocols(driver):
protocols = driver.get_management_protocols()
assert_shape(protocols, models.ManagementProtocolsDict)
assert protocols == {
"ipmi": {"enabled": True, "port": 623},
"ssh": {"enabled": True, "port": 22},
"http": {"enabled": True, "port": 80},
"https": {"enabled": True, "port": 443},
"snmp": {"enabled": True, "port": 161},
"kvm": {"enabled": True, "port": 5288},
"virtual_media": {"enabled": True, "port": 17988},
}
def test_get_management_protocols_missing(driver, server):
server.override("GET", MANAGER + "/NetworkProtocol", 200,
{"HTTPS": {"ProtocolEnabled": True, "Port": 443}, "IPMI": {"Port": 623}})
protocols = driver.get_management_protocols()
assert protocols["https"] == {"enabled": True, "port": 443}
assert protocols["ipmi"] == {"enabled": False, "port": 623}
assert protocols["ssh"] == {"enabled": False, "port": None}